Ziegler Jochen U, Wahl Sabine, Würschum Tobias, Longin C Friedrich H, Carle Reinhold, Schweiggert Ralf M
†Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
‡State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstraße 21, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
J Agric Food Chem. 2015 May 27;63(20):5061-71. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01477. Epub 2015 May 15.
Concentrations of lutein and lutein esters were determined in an ample collection of 75 wheat genotypes comprising bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum (Triticum durum Desf.), spelt (Triticum spelta L.), emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) grown in five different environments. Einkorn genotypes showed the highest total amounts of lutein (4.5-7.8 μg/g dry matter), followed by durum (2.0-4.6 μg/g), spelt (0.9-2.0 μg/g), emmer (0.8-1.9 μg/g), and bread wheat (0.7-2.0 μg/g). Due to the observed highly significant genetic variance and high heritability, lutein contents of wheat genotypes may be increased by future plant breeding. Detailed HPLC-DAD-APCI(±)-MS(n) data allowing the identification of six lutein monoesters and nine diesters are presented. Linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids were the most abundant fatty acids in both the lutein esters and total free lipid fractions. Lutein esters were virtually absent in the tetraploid durum and emmer species, whereas their concentrations considerably differed among the genotypes belonging to the other species.
在5种不同环境下种植的75个小麦基因型（包括面包小麦（普通小麦）、硬粒小麦、斯佩尔特小麦、二粒小麦和一粒小麦）的大量样本中，测定了叶黄素和叶黄素酯的含量。一粒小麦基因型的叶黄素总量最高（4.5 - 7.8微克/克干物质），其次是硬粒小麦（2.0 - 4.6微克/克）、斯佩尔特小麦（0.9 - 2.0微克/克）、二粒小麦（0.8 - 1.9微克/克）和面包小麦（0.7 - 2.0微克/克）。由于观察到高度显著的遗传变异和高遗传力，未来通过植物育种可能会提高小麦基因型的叶黄素含量。本文给出了详细的HPLC - DAD - APCI(±)-MS(n)数据，这些数据有助于鉴定6种叶黄素单酯和9种二酯。亚油酸、棕榈酸和油酸是叶黄素酯和总游离脂质组分中含量最丰富的脂肪酸。在四倍体硬粒小麦和二粒小麦品种中几乎不存在叶黄素酯，而在其他品种的基因型中，它们的含量有很大差异。
