Liu Chia-Chien, Lan Chen-Chia, Chen Ying-Sheue
Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2024 Mar;44(1):275-279. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12401. Epub 2023 Nov 20.
Dystonia is characterized by sustained or intermittent involuntary muscle contractions. Psychiatric symptoms are essential non-motor features of dystonia, and higher risks of depressive and anxiety disorders have been reported. The precedence of psychiatric to motor symptoms in some patients and the dopaminergic and serotonergic system involvement in both the motor and psychiatric aspects suggest these psychiatric disorders may be intrinsic to the neurobiology of dystonia. Nevertheless, psychiatric comorbidities are often construed as secondary reactions to motor disabilities and the negative bio-psycho-social impacts of dystonia, leading to underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Research on antidepressant use in dystonia is scarce, especially in children and adolescents. This report presents a 17-year-old female with dystonia comorbid with depression with psychotic features, whose motor symptoms improved but psychiatric symptoms persisted with dopaminergic pharmacotherapy. Sertraline was finally added 5 years after the onset and successfully managed her psychotic depression without worsening motor symptoms. Early detection, prompt diagnosis, and timely holistic treatment with dopaminergic agents, antidepressants, and psychosocial interventions are critical for the mental health of dystonia patients.
肌张力障碍的特征是持续性或间歇性的不自主肌肉收缩。精神症状是肌张力障碍重要的非运动特征,并且已有报道称其患抑郁和焦虑症的风险更高。在一些患者中精神症状先于运动症状出现,以及多巴胺能和血清素能系统在运动和精神方面均有涉及,这表明这些精神障碍可能是肌张力障碍神经生物学的固有特征。然而,精神共病常常被视为对运动残疾以及肌张力障碍负面生物 - 心理 - 社会影响的继发反应,从而导致诊断不足和治疗不足。关于肌张力障碍患者使用抗抑郁药的研究很少,尤其是在儿童和青少年中。本报告介绍了一名17岁患有肌张力障碍合并伴有精神病性特征抑郁症的女性患者,其运动症状在接受多巴胺能药物治疗后有所改善,但精神症状仍持续存在。发病5年后最终加用舍曲林,成功控制了她的精神病性抑郁症,且未使运动症状恶化。早期发现、及时诊断以及使用多巴胺能药物、抗抑郁药和心理社会干预进行及时的整体治疗对于肌张力障碍患者的心理健康至关重要。