Department of Emergency and Critical Care, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Neurology, The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2024 Jan-Feb;34(1):9-22. doi: 10.1111/vec.13355. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
To review and summarize the pharmacology of the antiepileptic drug (AED), levetiracetam (LEV), and to discuss its clinical utility in dogs and cats.
Veterinary and human peer-reviewed medical literature and the authors' clinical experience.
LEV is an AED with mechanisms of action distinct from those of other AEDs. In people and small animals, LEV exhibits linear kinetics, excellent oral bioavailability, and minimal drug-drug interactions. Serious side effects are rarely reported in any species. LEV use is gaining favor for treating epilepsy in small animals and may have wider clinical applications in patients with portosystemic shunts, neuroglycopenia, and traumatic brain injury. In people, LEV may improve cognitive function in patients with dementia.
LEV is a well-tolerated AED with well-documented efficacy in human patients. Although its use is becoming more common in veterinary medicine, its role as a first-line monotherapy in small animal epileptics remains to be determined. This review of the human and animal literature regarding LEV describes its role in epileptic people and animals as well as in other disease states and provides recommendations for clinical usage.
回顾和总结抗癫痫药物（AED）左乙拉西坦（LEV）的药理学，并讨论其在犬猫中的临床应用。
兽医和人类同行评议的医学文献以及作者的临床经验。
LEV 是一种作用机制不同于其他 AED 的 AED。在人和小动物中，LEV 表现出线性药代动力学、良好的口服生物利用度和最小的药物相互作用。在任何物种中，严重的副作用都很少报道。LEV 的使用在小动物癫痫治疗中越来越受欢迎，并且可能在患有门体分流、神经低血糖和创伤性脑损伤的患者中有更广泛的临床应用。在人类中，LEV 可能改善痴呆患者的认知功能。
LEV 是一种耐受性良好的 AED，在人类患者中具有良好的疗效。尽管它在兽医领域的应用越来越普遍，但它作为小动物癫痫患者一线单药治疗的地位仍有待确定。对 LEV 的人类和动物文献的回顾描述了其在癫痫患者以及其他疾病状态中的作用，并为临床应用提供了建议。
