College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Poonch 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Dec;268:115689. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115689. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Avian tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disease affecting fast growing chickens, resulting in non-mineralized avascular cartilage. This metabolic disorder is characterized by lameness and reduced growth performance causing economic losses. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against TD caused by thiram exposure. A total of two hundred and forty (n = 240) one day-old broiler chickens were uniformly and randomly allocated into three different groups (n = 80) viz. control, TD, and baicalin groups. All chickens received standard feed, however, to induce TD, the TD and baicalin groups received thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) at a rate of 50 mg/kg feed from days 4-7. The thiram induction in TD and baicalin groups resulted in lameness, high mortality, and enlarged growth-plate, poor production performance, reduction in ALP, GSH-Px, SOD, and T-AOC levels, and increased AST and ALT, and MDA levels. Furthermore, histopathological results showed less vascularization, and mRNA and protein expression levels of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2 showed significant downward trend, while caspase-9 displayed significant up-regulation in TD-affected chickens. After the TD induction, the baicalin group was orally administered with baicalin at a rate of 200 mg/kg from days 8-18. Baicalin administration increased the vascularization, and chondrocytes with intact nuclei, alleviated lameness, decreased GP size, increased productive capacity, and restored the liver antioxidant enzymes and serum biochemical levels. Furthermore, baicalin significantly up-regulated the gene and protein expressions of Sox-9, Col-II, and Bcl-2, and significantly down-regulated the expression of caspase-9 (p < 0.05). Therefore, the obtained results suggest that baicalin could be a possible choice in thiram toxicity alleviation by regulating apoptosis and chondrocyte proliferation in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia.
禽胫骨软骨发育不良（TD）是一种影响快速生长鸡的骨骼疾病，导致未矿化的无血管软骨。这种代谢紊乱的特征是跛行和生长性能下降，导致经济损失。本研究旨在研究黄芩苷对 thiram 暴露引起的 TD 的保护作用。将 240 只 1 日龄肉鸡均匀随机分为三组（n = 80），即对照组、TD 组和黄芩苷组。所有鸡均接受标准饲料，但为了诱导 TD，TD 组和黄芩苷组从第 4-7 天开始以 50mg/kg 饲料的速度接受 thiram（四甲基秋兰姆二硫化物）。TD 组和黄芩苷组的 thiram 诱导导致跛行、高死亡率和生长板增大、生产性能差、ALP、GSH-Px、SOD 和 T-AOC 水平降低、AST 和 ALT 升高，以及 MDA 水平升高。此外，组织病理学结果显示血管化减少，Sox-9、Col-II 和 Bcl-2 的 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平呈明显下降趋势，而 caspase-9 在受 TD 影响的鸡中呈明显上调趋势。TD 诱导后，黄芩苷组从第 8-18 天以 200mg/kg 的剂量口服给予黄芩苷。黄芩苷给药增加了血管化和核完整的软骨细胞，缓解了跛行，减少了 GP 大小，增加了生产能力，并恢复了肝脏抗氧化酶和血清生化水平。此外，黄芩苷显著上调了 Sox-9、Col-II 和 Bcl-2 的基因和蛋白表达，并显著下调了 caspase-9 的表达（p<0.05）。因此，研究结果表明，黄芩苷可能通过调节凋亡和软骨细胞增殖来减轻 thiram 诱导的胫骨软骨发育不良中的 thiram 毒性。
