Institute of Chemical Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2024 Feb;349:140703. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140703. Epub 2023 Nov 21.
Researchers have focused on efficient techniques for degrading hazardous organic pollutants due to their negative impacts on ecological systems, necessitating immediate remediation. Specifically, TiO-based photocatalysts, a wide-bandgap semiconductor material, have been extensively studied for their application in environmental remediation. However, the extensive band gap energy and speedy reattachment of electron (e) and hole (h) pairs in bare TiO are considered major disadvantages for photocatalysis. This review extensively focuses on the combination of semiconducting photocatalysts for commercial outcomes to develop efficient heterojunctions with high photocatalytic activity by minimizing the e/h recombination rate. The improved activity of these heterojunctions is due to their greater surface area, rich active sites, narrow band gap, and high light-harvesting tendency. In this context, strategies for increasing visible light activity, including doping with metals and non-metals, surface modifications, morphology control, composite formation, heterojunction formation, bandgap engineering, surface plasmon resonance, and optimizing reaction conditions are discussed. Furthermore, this review critically assesses the latest developments in TiO photocatalysts for the efficient decomposition of various organic contaminants from wastewater, such as pharmaceutical waste, dyes, pesticides, aromatic hydrocarbons, and halo compounds. This review implies that doping is an effective, economical, and simple process for TiO nanostructures and that a heterogeneous photocatalytic mechanism is an eco-friendly substitute for the removal of various pollutants. This review provides valuable insights for researchers involved in the development of efficient photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
研究人员一直致力于开发高效的技术来降解有害的有机污染物，因为它们会对生态系统造成负面影响，需要立即加以修复。具体来说，TiO 基光催化剂是一种宽带隙半导体材料，因其在环境修复中的应用而得到了广泛的研究。然而，TiO 本身的宽能带隙能量和电子(e)和空穴(h)对的快速复合被认为是光催化的主要缺点。本综述广泛关注半导体光催化剂的组合，以开发具有高效光催化活性的高效异质结，同时最小化 e/h 复合速率。这些异质结的活性提高是由于它们具有更大的表面积、丰富的活性位点、更窄的带隙和更高的光捕获倾向。在这方面，讨论了提高可见光活性的策略，包括金属和非金属掺杂、表面改性、形貌控制、复合形成、异质结形成、能带工程、表面等离子体共振和优化反应条件。此外，本综述还批判性地评估了 TiO 光催化剂在高效分解废水中各种有机污染物方面的最新进展，如药物废物、染料、农药、芳烃和卤代化合物。这篇综述表明，掺杂是 TiO 纳米结构的一种有效、经济和简单的方法，而异质光催化机制是去除各种污染物的一种环保替代品。本综述为从事环境修复高效光催化剂开发的研究人员提供了有价值的见解。
