Hassan N S, Jalil A A, Khusnun N F, Bahari M B, Hussain I, Firmansyah M L, Nugraha R E
Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Feb 1;327:116869. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116869. Epub 2022 Nov 28.
Photocatalytic degradation is a valuable direction for eliminating organic pollutants in the environment because of its exceptional catalytic activity and low energy requirements. As one of the prospective photocatalysts, zirconium dioxide (ZrO) is a promising candidate for photoactivity due to its favorable redox potential and higher chemical stability. ZrO has a high rate of electron-hole recombination and poor light-harvesting capabilities. Still, modification has demonstrated enhancements, especially extra-modification, and is therefore worthy of investigation. This present review provides a comprehensive overview of the extra-modifications of ZrO for enhanced photocatalytic performance, including coupling with other semiconductors, doping with metal, non-metal, and co-doping with metal and non-metal. The extra-modified ZrO showed superior performance in degrading the organic pollutant, particularly dyes and phenolic compounds. Interestingly, this review also briefly highlighted the probable mechanisms of the extra-modification of ZrO such as p-n heterojunction, type II heterojunction, and Z-scheme heterojunction. The latter heterojunction with excellent electron-hole space separation improved the photoactivity. Extensive research on ZrO's photocatalytic potential is presented, including the removal of heavy metals, the redox of heavy metals and organic pollutants, and the evolution of hydrogen. Modified ZrO's photocatalytic effectiveness depends on its band position, oxygen vacancy concentration, and metal defect sites. The opportunities and future problems of the extra-modified ZrO photocatalyst are also discussed. This review aims to share knowledge regarding extra-modified ZrO photocatalysts and inspire new environmental remediation applications.
光催化降解因其卓越的催化活性和低能量需求，是消除环境中有机污染物的一个有价值的方向。作为一种有前景的光催化剂，二氧化锆（ZrO）因其良好的氧化还原电位和较高的化学稳定性，是具有光活性的有前途的候选材料。ZrO的电子 - 空穴复合率高且光捕获能力差。不过，改性已显示出性能提升，尤其是额外改性，因此值得研究。本综述全面概述了用于增强光催化性能的ZrO的额外改性，包括与其他半导体耦合、金属掺杂、非金属掺杂以及金属和非金属共掺杂。额外改性的ZrO在降解有机污染物，特别是染料和酚类化合物方面表现出优异性能。有趣的是，本综述还简要强调了ZrO额外改性的可能机制，如p - n异质结、II型异质结和Z - 型异质结。后者具有优异的电子 - 空穴空间分离，提高了光活性。文中还介绍了对ZrO光催化潜力的广泛研究，包括重金属的去除、重金属与有机污染物的氧化还原以及氢气的析出。改性ZrO的光催化效果取决于其能带位置、氧空位浓度和金属缺陷位点。还讨论了额外改性的ZrO光催化剂的机遇和未来问题。本综述旨在分享有关额外改性ZrO光催化剂的知识，并激发新的环境修复应用。
