State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
J Transl Med. 2023 Nov 22;21(1):842. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04709-z.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) for cancer treatment are in a rapid stage of development, and the direct tumor lysis and activation of a comprehensive host immune response are irreplaceable advantages of cancer immunotherapy. However, excessive antiviral immune responses also restrict the spread of OVs in vivo and the infection of tumor cells. Macrophages are functionally diverse innate immune cells that phagocytose tumor cells and present antigens to activate the immune response, while also limiting the delivery of OVs to tumors. Studies have shown that the functional propensity of macrophages between OVs and tumor cells affects the overall therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy. How to effectively avoid the restrictive effect of macrophages on OVs and reshape the function of tumor-associated macrophages in oncolytic virotherapy is an important challenge we are now facing. Here, we review and summarize the complex dual role of macrophages in oncolytic virotherapy, highlighting how the functional characteristics of macrophage plasticity can be utilized to cooperate with OVs to enhance anti-tumor effects, as well as highlighting the importance of designing and optimizing delivery modalities for OVs in the future.
溶瘤病毒（OVs）在癌症治疗中处于快速发展阶段，直接肿瘤裂解和全面宿主免疫反应的激活是癌症免疫治疗不可替代的优势。然而，过度的抗病毒免疫反应也限制了 OVs 在体内的传播和肿瘤细胞的感染。巨噬细胞是功能多样的先天免疫细胞，它们吞噬肿瘤细胞并呈递抗原以激活免疫反应，同时也限制了 OVs 向肿瘤的递送。研究表明，OVs 和肿瘤细胞之间巨噬细胞的功能倾向影响溶瘤病毒治疗的整体治疗效果。如何有效避免巨噬细胞对 OVs 的限制作用，并重塑溶瘤病毒治疗中肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的功能，是我们现在面临的一个重要挑战。在这里，我们回顾和总结了巨噬细胞在溶瘤病毒治疗中的复杂双重作用，强调了如何利用巨噬细胞可塑性的功能特征与 OVs 合作增强抗肿瘤效果，并强调了未来设计和优化 OVs 传递方式的重要性。
