Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Italy.
State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals - Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, No 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
Vet Ital. 2023 Mar 31;59(1):41-49. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.2757.17907.2.
The classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a species member of the family Flaviviridae. CSFV is widely distributed in the world causing a severe impact on pig industry. This pathogen is considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. However, some reports from 2014 to 2018 showed the presence of the CFSV antigen in the bovine species. The virus was found in commercialized batches of fetal bovine serum (FBS) of Chinese origin and in bovine herds in in the provinces of Henan and Jiangsu, China, and in Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, southern and north‑eastern states of India, respectively. Detection was done using antigen capture ELISA and RT‑PCR tests. In certain cases, animals with natural infection showed clinical signs and reproduction was also affected. Genetic characterization was performed considering the 5'‑UTR sequences of the bovine strains. In addition, the entire CSFV E2 genomic region could be amplified from two positive animals. The bovine strains were genetically related to the Chinese CSFV live attenuated hog cholera lapinized vaccine (HCLV) strain used in pigs, sharing sequence characteristics. The vaccine strain HCLV was widely used in China to protect bovines and yaks from bovine viral diarrhea, and, as a possible consequence, inducing an adaptation in cattle and a further natural diffusion. Furthermore, a contaminant strain from China was genetically distant from all other previously described genotypes of the CSFV. This suggests also the occurrence of micro evolutive step in the species related to geographical segregation. These observations deserve attention and further investigations, especially relevant in countries where CSFV control and eradication strategies are applied.
经典猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus，CSFV）是黄病毒科的一个种成员。CSFV 广泛分布于世界各地，对养猪业造成严重影响。该病原体被认为仅限于家猪和野猪。然而，2014 年至 2018 年的一些报告显示，牛科动物中存在 CSFV 抗原。在中国原产的商业化胎牛血清（fetal bovine serum，FBS）批次和中国河南和江苏以及印度南部和东北部的泰米尔纳德邦和梅加拉亚邦的牛群中发现了这种病毒。检测是使用抗原捕获 ELISA 和 RT-PCR 试验进行的。在某些情况下，自然感染的动物表现出临床症状，繁殖也受到影响。遗传特征分析是基于牛科动物的 5'-UTR 序列进行的。此外，从两个阳性动物中可以扩增出整个 CSFV E2 基因组区域。牛科病毒株与中国用于猪的猪瘟活疫苗（Hog cholera lapinized vaccine，HCLV）株在遗传上相关，具有序列特征。HCLV 疫苗在中国被广泛用于保护牛和牦牛免受牛病毒性腹泻的侵害，作为一种可能的后果，在牛中引起适应，并进一步自然扩散。此外，来自中国的污染株与 CSFV 的所有其他先前描述的基因型在遗传上都有很大的差异。这表明与地理隔离有关的物种也发生了微观进化。这些观察结果值得关注和进一步研究，特别是在实施 CSFV 控制和根除策略的国家。
