Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera "Físico" s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera "Físico" s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter. Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 10;911:168761. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168761. Epub 2023 Nov 22.
Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), particularly second-generation compounds (SGARs), are extensively used in pest management, impacting non-target wildlife. The California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae), an invasive species in Gran Canaria, is under a control plan involving capture and euthanasia. This research aimed to detect 10 different ARs in these snakes, explore geographical and biometrical factors influencing AR exposure, and assess their potential as sentinel species for raptors, sharing similar foraging habits. Liver samples from 360 snakes, euthanized between 2021 and 2022, were analysed for ARs using LC-MS/MS. Results showed all detected rodenticides were SGARs, except for one instance of diphacinone. Remarkably, 90 % of the snakes tested positive for ARs, with over half exposed to multiple compounds. Brodifacoum was predominant, found in over 90 % of AR-positive snakes, while bromadiolone and difenacoum were also frequently detected but at lower levels. The study revealed that larger snakes and those in certain geographic areas had higher AR concentrations. Snakes in less central or more peripheral areas showed lower levels of these compounds. This suggests a correlation between the snakes' size and distribution with the concentration of ARs in their bodies. The findings indicate that the types and prevalence of ARs in California kingsnakes on Gran Canaria mirror those in the island's raptors. This similarity suggests that the kingsnake could serve as a potential sentinel species for monitoring ARs in the ecosystem. However, further research is necessary to confirm their effectiveness in this role.
抗凝血灭鼠剂（ARs），尤其是第二代化合物（SGARs），在害虫管理中被广泛使用，对非目标野生动物产生影响。加利福尼亚王蛇（Lampropeltis californiae）是格兰卡纳里亚岛上的入侵物种，目前正在实施一项涉及捕捉和安乐死的控制计划。本研究旨在检测这些蛇体内的 10 种不同的 ARs，探讨影响 AR 暴露的地理和生物因素，并评估它们作为具有相似觅食习惯的猛禽的哨兵物种的潜力。使用 LC-MS/MS 对 2021 年至 2022 年间安乐死的 360 条蛇的肝脏样本进行了 AR 分析。结果表明，除了一例双香豆素外，所有检测到的灭鼠剂都是 SGARs。值得注意的是，90%的蛇检测出 AR 阳性，超过一半的蛇暴露于多种化合物。溴敌隆是主要的，在 90%以上的 AR 阳性蛇中发现，而溴鼠灵和敌鼠酮也经常被检测到，但浓度较低。该研究表明，体型较大的蛇和某些地理区域的蛇体内 AR 浓度较高。在不太中心或更偏远的地区的蛇体内这些化合物的水平较低。这表明蛇的大小和分布与其体内 AR 浓度之间存在相关性。研究结果表明，格兰卡纳里亚岛上加利福尼亚王蛇体内的 AR 类型和流行率与岛上猛禽的 AR 类型和流行率相似。这表明王蛇可以作为监测生态系统中 ARs 的潜在哨兵物种。然而，需要进一步的研究来确认它们在这一角色中的有效性。
