Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Child Dev. 2024 May-Jun;95(3):1001-1022. doi: 10.1111/cdev.14042. Epub 2023 Nov 24.
Children tend to overestimate their performance on a variety of tasks and activities. The present meta-analysis examines the specificity of this phenomenon across age, tasks, and more than five decades of historical time (1968-2021). Self-overestimation was operationalized as the ratio between children's prospective self-estimates of task performance and their actual (i.e., objectively measured) task performance. A total of 246 effect sizes from 43 published articles were analyzed (4277 participants; 49.6% girls; sample mean ages range from 4 to 12; 86.0% of studies conducted in North America or Europe). Children's self-overestimation was robust across tasks, with their estimates of performance being 1.3 times their actual performance. In addition, children's self-overestimation decreased with sample age and increased with the year of data collection.
儿童往往会高估自己在各种任务和活动中的表现。本元分析考察了这一现象在年龄、任务和超过五十年的历史时间（1968-2021 年）上的特异性。自我高估被定义为儿童对任务表现的预期自我估计与实际（即客观测量）任务表现之间的比率。对来自 43 篇已发表文章的 246 个效应量进行了分析（4277 名参与者；49.6%为女孩；样本平均年龄范围为 4 至 12 岁；86.0%的研究在北美或欧洲进行）。儿童的自我高估在各种任务中都是稳定的，他们对表现的估计是实际表现的 1.3 倍。此外，儿童的自我高估随着样本年龄的增加而减少，随着数据收集年份的增加而增加。
