Department of Crop Science and Animal Science, State University of Southwestern Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA Cep 45031-900, Brazil.
Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, BA Cep 40170-115, Brazil.
Bull Entomol Res. 2023 Dec;113(6):838-844. doi: 10.1017/S0007485323000524. Epub 2023 Nov 24.
Fruit fly infestation is one of the main obstacles to the exportation of fresh agricultural produce. Films of mineral particles and biomaterials have the potential to protect fruits against tephritid fruit fly infestation. The present study evaluated the effects of particle films on the tritrophic interactions of grape ( L.), the fruit fly (Wiedemann) and the parasitoid (Ashmead) under semi-field conditions. Grapes were biometrically characterised (i.e. colour, firmness, mass, length and diameter), treated with mineral particles, biomaterials or distilled water (control), and then used in oviposition and parasitism bioassays. In the oviposition bioassay, the treated grapes were exposed to 50 pairs in field cages, and after 48 h, the punctures and eggs on each fruit were counted. In the parasitism bioassay, treated grapes were artificially infested with third-instar larvae (two per fruit), exposed (2 h) to 50 pairs in field cages to determine parasitism index, larval and pupal viabilities and number of flies and parasitoids emerged. Treatment with the mineral film affected fruit colour and reduced oviposition but failed to significantly affect the parasitism capacity of . The ability of the parasitoid to locate and parasitise larvae in kaolin-coated fruits suggests that kaolin films could be used in conjunction with biological agents to control fruit flies.
实蝇虫害是新鲜农产品出口的主要障碍之一。矿物颗粒和生物材料薄膜有可能保护水果免受实蝇的侵害。本研究在半田间条件下评估了颗粒膜对葡萄（L.）、实蝇（Wiedemann）和寄生蜂（Ashmead）三营养级相互作用的影响。对葡萄进行了生物计量学特征描述（即颜色、硬度、质量、长度和直径），用矿物颗粒、生物材料或蒸馏水（对照）处理，然后用于产卵和寄生生物测定。在产卵生物测定中，将处理过的葡萄暴露于 50 对田间笼中，48 小时后，计算每个果实上的刺伤和卵数。在寄生生物测定中，用三龄幼虫（每果 2 头）对处理过的葡萄进行人工侵染，将其暴露（2 小时）于 50 对田间笼中，以确定寄生指数、幼虫和蛹的存活率以及成虫和寄生蜂的数量。矿物膜处理影响了果实的颜色，减少了产卵，但未能显著影响 的寄生能力。寄生蜂在涂有高岭土的果实中定位和寄生幼虫的能力表明，高岭土膜可以与生物制剂结合使用来控制实蝇。
