Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, ROC.
J Gen Virol. 2023 Nov;104(11). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001920.
How coronaviruses evolve by altering the structures of their full-length genome and defective viral genome (DVG) under dynamic selection pressures has not been studied. In this study, we aimed to experimentally identify the dynamic evolutionary patterns of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and DVG under diverse selection pressures, including persistence, innate immunity and antiviral drugs. The evolutionary features of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and in the DVG under diverse selection pressures are as follows: (i) the number of nucleotide (nt) mutations does not necessarily increase with the number of selection pressures; (ii) certain types of selection pressure(s) can lead to specific nt mutations; (iii) the mutated nt sequence can be reverted to the wild-type nt sequence under the certain type of selection pressure(s); (iv) the DVG can also undergo mutations and evolve independently of the full-length genome; and (v) DVG species are regulated during evolution under diverse selection pressures. The various evolutionary patterns of the S protein sequence in the full-length genome and DVG identified in this study may contribute to coronaviral fitness under diverse selection pressures.
冠状病毒如何通过改变其全长基因组和缺陷型病毒基因组（DVG）的结构，在动态选择压力下进化，尚未得到研究。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过实验确定全长基因组和 DVG 中 S 蛋白序列在不同选择压力下（包括持续性、先天免疫和抗病毒药物）的动态进化模式。在不同选择压力下，全长基因组和 DVG 中 S 蛋白序列的进化特征如下：（i）核苷酸（nt）突变的数量不一定随选择压力的增加而增加；（ii）某些类型的选择压力可以导致特定的 nt 突变；（iii）在特定类型的选择压力下，突变的 nt 序列可以恢复为野生型 nt 序列；（iv）DVG 也可以独立于全长基因组发生突变和进化；以及（v）在不同选择压力下，DVG 物种在进化过程中受到调控。本研究中鉴定的全长基因组和 DVG 中 S 蛋白序列的各种进化模式可能有助于冠状病毒在不同选择压力下的适应性。
