Alexander Claire, Parsaee Ali, Vasefi Maryam
Department of Biology, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA.
Biological Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Nov 20;12(11):1453. doi: 10.3390/biology12111453.
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder impairing cognition and memory in the elderly. This disorder has a complex etiology, including senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and damaged neuroplasticity. Current treatment options are limited, so alternative treatments such as herbal medicine could suppress symptoms while slowing cognitive decline. We followed PRISMA guidelines to identify potential herbal treatments, their associated medicinal phytochemicals, and the potential mechanisms of these treatments. Common herbs, including , , , , and , produced promising pre-clinical results. These herbs are rich in kaempferol and quercetin, flavonoids with a polyphenolic structure that facilitate multiple mechanisms of action. These mechanisms include the inhibition of Aβ plaque formation, a reduction in tau hyperphosphorylation, the suppression of oxidative stress, and the modulation of BDNF and PI3K/AKT pathways. Using pre-clinical findings from quercetin research and the comparatively limited data on kaempferol, we proposed that kaempferol ameliorates the neuroinflammatory state, maintains proper cellular function, and restores pro-neuroplastic signaling. In this review, we discuss the anti-AD mechanisms of quercetin and kaempferol and their limitations, and we suggest a potential alternative treatment for AD. Our findings lead us to conclude that a polyherbal kaempferol- and quercetin-rich cocktail could treat AD-related brain damage.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,会损害老年人的认知和记忆。这种疾病病因复杂,包括老年斑和神经原纤维缠结的形成、神经炎症、氧化应激以及神经可塑性受损。目前的治疗选择有限,因此像草药这样的替代疗法可以在减缓认知衰退的同时抑制症状。我们遵循PRISMA指南来确定潜在的草药治疗方法、其相关的药用植物化学成分以及这些治疗方法的潜在机制。常见的草药,包括[此处草药名称缺失]、[此处草药名称缺失]、[此处草药名称缺失]、[此处草药名称缺失]和[此处草药名称缺失],产生了有前景的临床前结果。这些草药富含山奈酚和槲皮素,这两种黄酮类化合物具有多酚结构,可促进多种作用机制。这些机制包括抑制Aβ斑块形成、减少tau蛋白过度磷酸化、抑制氧化应激以及调节脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路。利用槲皮素研究的临床前发现以及关于山奈酚的相对有限的数据,我们提出山奈酚可改善神经炎症状态、维持适当的细胞功能并恢复促神经可塑性信号。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了槲皮素和山奈酚的抗AD机制及其局限性,并提出了一种潜在的AD替代治疗方法。我们的研究结果使我们得出结论,一种富含山奈酚和槲皮素的多草药混合物可以治疗与AD相关的脑损伤。
Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2024-5-19
Biotechnol Adv. 2016-12-30
Arch Toxicol. 2019-8-22
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2022
Eur J Med Chem. 2019-3-8
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024-5-27
Bioresour Bioprocess. 2025-1-22
Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2024-12-24
Plants (Basel). 2024-10-12
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 2023-9-29
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023-9
Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci. 2023-2-27