Li Tianwen, Fujimoto Marie, Hayashi Katsuma, Anzai Asami, Nishiura Hiroshi
Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Nov 19;13(11):951. doi: 10.3390/bs13110951.
Although the Japanese government removed mask-wearing requirements in 2023, relatively high rates of mask wearing have continued in Japan. We aimed to assess psychological reasons and the strength of habitual mask wearing in Japan. An Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with non-random participant recruitment. We explored the frequency of mask usage, investigating psychological reasons for wearing masks. A regression analysis examined the association between psychological reasons and the frequency of mask wearing. The habitual use of masks was assessed in the participant's most frequently visited indoor space and public transport using the self-report habit index. The principal component analysis with varimax rotation revealed distinct habitual characteristics. Among the 2640 participants surveyed from 6 to 9 February 2023, only 4.9% reported not wearing masks at all. Conformity to social norms was the most important reason for masks. Participants exhibited a slightly higher degree of habituation towards mask wearing on public transport compared to indoor spaces. The mask-wearing rate was higher in females than in males, and no significant difference was identified by age group. Daily mask wearing in indoor spaces was characterized by two traits (automaticity and behavioral frequency). A high mask-wearing frequency has been maintained in Japan during the social reopening transition period. Mask wearing has become a part of daily habit, especially on public transport, largely driven by automatic and frequent practice.
尽管日本政府在2023年取消了戴口罩的要求，但日本的口罩佩戴率仍然相对较高。我们旨在评估日本民众习惯性戴口罩的心理原因及程度。通过非随机招募参与者进行了一项基于互联网的横断面调查。我们探究了口罩使用频率，并调查了戴口罩的心理原因。通过回归分析研究心理原因与口罩佩戴频率之间的关联。使用自我报告习惯指数在参与者最常去的室内空间和公共交通中评估口罩的习惯性使用情况。采用方差最大化旋转的主成分分析揭示了不同的习惯特征。在2023年2月6日至9日调查的2640名参与者中，只有4.9%的人表示完全不戴口罩。遵循社会规范是戴口罩的最重要原因。与室内空间相比，参与者在公共交通上对戴口罩表现出略高程度的习惯化。女性的口罩佩戴率高于男性，各年龄组之间未发现显著差异。室内空间的日常口罩佩戴具有两个特点（自动性和行为频率）。在社会重新开放的过渡时期，日本一直保持着较高的口罩佩戴频率。戴口罩已成为日常习惯的一部分，尤其是在公共交通上，这在很大程度上是由自动且频繁的行为驱动的。
