Sensitization of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Aminoglycosides with 2-Aminoimidazole Adjuvants.

In 2019, five million deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance were reported by The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). , a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, is among the list of urgent threats. Previously, we reported 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) adjuvants that potentiate macrolide activity against . In this study, we identify several of these adjuvants that sensitize to aminoglycoside antibiotics. Lead compounds and lower the tobramycin (TOB) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the TOB-resistant strain AB5075 from 128 μg/mL to 2 μg/mL at 30 μM. In addition, the lead compounds lower the TOB MIC against the TOB-susceptible strain AB19606 from 4 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively, at 30 μM and 15 μM. The evolution of resistance to TOB and in AB5075 revealed mutations in genes related to protein synthesis, the survival of bacteria under environmental stressors, bacteriophages, and proteins containing Ig-like domains.