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二氨基咪唑类二聚体是针对鲍曼不动杆菌的革兰氏阳性选择性抗生素的高效佐剂。

Dimeric 2-aminoimidazoles are highly active adjuvants for gram-positive selective antibiotics against Acinetobacter baumannii.

机构信息

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.

Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.

出版信息

Eur J Med Chem. 2023 May 5;253:115329. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115329. Epub 2023 Mar 31.

Abstract

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that hospital acquired infections have increased by 65% since 2019. One of the main contributors is the gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii. Previously, we reported aryl 2-aminoimidazole (2-AI) adjuvants that potentiate macrolide antibiotics against A. baumannii. Macrolide antibiotics are typically used to treat infections caused by gram-positive bacteria, but are ineffective against most gram-negative bacteria. We describe a new class of dimeric 2-AIs that are highly active macrolide adjuvants, with lead compounds lowering minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to or below the gram-positive breakpoint level against A. baumannii. The parent dimer lowers the clarithromycin (CLR) MIC against A. baumannii 5075 from 32 μg/mL to 1 μg/mL at 7.5 μM (3.4 μg/mL), and a subsequent structure activity relationship (SAR) study identified several compounds with increased activity. The lead compound lowers the CLR MIC to 2 μg/mL at 1.5 μM (0.72 μg/mL), far exceeding the activity of both the parent dimer and the previous lead aryl 2-AI. Furthermore, these dimeric 2-AIs exhibit considerably reduced mammalian cell toxicity compared to aryl-2AI adjuvants, with ICs of the two lead compounds against HepG2 cells of >200 μg/mL, giving therapeutic indices of >250.

摘要

疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)报告称,自 2019 年以来,医院获得性感染增加了 65%。其中一个主要原因是革兰氏阴性菌鲍曼不动杆菌。此前,我们报道了芳基 2-氨基咪唑(2-AI)佐剂,可增强大环内酯类抗生素对鲍曼不动杆菌的作用。大环内酯类抗生素通常用于治疗由革兰氏阳性菌引起的感染,但对大多数革兰氏阴性菌无效。我们描述了一类新的二聚 2-AI,它们是高效的大环内酯类抗生素佐剂,其先导化合物将最低抑菌浓度(MIC)降低至或低于鲍曼不动杆菌的革兰氏阳性折点水平。母体二聚体将克拉霉素(CLR)对鲍曼不动杆菌 5075 的 MIC 从 32μg/mL 降低至 7.5μM(3.4μg/mL)时的 1μg/mL,随后的构效关系(SAR)研究确定了几种活性增强的化合物。先导化合物将 CLR 的 MIC 降低至 1.5μM(0.72μg/mL)时的 2μg/mL,远远超过母体二聚体和之前的芳基 2-AI 先导化合物的活性。此外,与芳基-2AI 佐剂相比,这些二聚 2-AI 的哺乳动物细胞毒性大大降低,两种先导化合物对 HepG2 细胞的 IC 大于 200μg/mL,治疗指数大于 250。

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