Recent Advances in Effector Research of .

Recalcitrant rice blast disease is caused by , which has a significant negative economic reverberation on crop productivity. In order to induce the disease onto the host, positively generates many types of small secreted proteins, here named as effectors, to manipulate the host cell for the purpose of stimulating pathogenic infection. In , by engaging with specific receptors on the cell surface, effectors activate signaling channels which control an array of cellular activities, such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The most recent research on effector identification, classification, function, secretion, and control mechanism has been compiled in this review. In addition, the article also discusses directions and challenges for future research into an effector in .