Department of Drosophila Molecular Genetics, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 18;24(22):16486. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216486.
The dADD1 and dXNP proteins are orthologues of the ADD and SNF2 domains of the vertebrate ATRX (Alpha-Thalassemia with mental Retardation X-related) protein. ATRX plays a role in general molecular processes, such as regulating chromatin status and gene expression, while dADD1 and dXNP have similar functions in the genome. Both ATRX and dADD1/dXNP interact with various protein partners and participate in various regulatory complexes. Disruption of ATRX expression in humans leads to the development of α-thalassemia and cancer, especially glioma. However, the mechanisms that allow ATRX to regulate various cellular processes are poorly understood. Studying the functioning of dADD1/dXNP in the model may contribute to understanding the mechanisms underlying the multifunctional action of ATRX and its connection with various cellular processes. This review provides a brief overview of the currently available information in mammals and regarding the roles of ATRX, dXNP, and dADD1. It discusses possible mechanisms of action of complexes involving these proteins.
dADD1 和 dXNP 蛋白是脊椎动物 ATRX（与智力迟钝相关的α-地中海贫血 X 相关）蛋白的 ADD 和 SNF2 结构域的同源物。ATRX 在一般分子过程中发挥作用，例如调节染色质状态和基因表达，而 dADD1 和 dXNP 在 基因组中具有相似的功能。ATRX 和 dADD1/dXNP 均与各种蛋白伴侣相互作用，并参与各种调节复合物。人类 ATRX 表达的破坏会导致α-地中海贫血和癌症的发展，尤其是神经胶质瘤。然而，允许 ATRX 调节各种细胞过程的机制尚未得到充分理解。研究 dADD1/dXNP 在 模型中的功能可能有助于理解 ATRX 多功能作用的机制及其与各种细胞过程的联系。本文简要综述了哺乳动物和 中关于 ATRX、dXNP 和 dADD1 作用的现有信息，并讨论了涉及这些蛋白的复合物的可能作用机制。
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