Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Campus Oriximiná, PA, Brazil.
Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
Environ Manage. 2024 Mar;73(3):634-645. doi: 10.1007/s00267-023-01912-y. Epub 2023 Nov 25.
Ecosystem services (ES) embrace contributions of nature to human livelihood and well-being. Reef environments provide a range of ES with direct and indirect contributions to people. However, the health of reef environments is declining globally due to local and large-scale threats, affecting ES delivery in different ways. Mapping scientific knowledge and identifying research gaps on reefs' ES is critical to guide their management and conservation. We conducted a systematic assessment of peer-reviewed articles published between 2007 and 2022 to build an overview of ES research on reef environments. We analyzed the geographical distribution, reef types, approaches used to assess ES, and the potential drivers of change in ES delivery reported across these studies. Based on 115 articles, our results revealed that coral and oyster reefs are the most studied reef ecosystems. Cultural ES (e.g., subcategories recreation and tourism) was the most studied ES in high-income countries, while regulating and maintenance ES (e.g., subcategory life cycle maintenance) prevailed in low and middle-income countries. Research efforts on reef ES are biased toward the Global North, mainly North America and Oceania. Studies predominantly used observational approaches to assess ES, with a marked increase in the number of studies using statistical modeling during 2021 and 2022. The scale of studies was mostly local and regional, and the studies addressed mainly one or two subcategories of reefs' ES. Overexploitation, reef degradation, and pollution were the most commonly cited drivers affecting the delivery of provisioning, regulating and maintenance, and cultural ES. With increasing threats to reef environments, the growing demand for assessing the contributions to humans provided by reefs will benefit the projections on how these ES will be impacted by anthropogenic pressures. The incorporation of multiple and synergistic ecosystem mechanisms is paramount to providing a comprehensive ES assessment, and improving the understanding of functions, services, and benefits.
生态系统服务（Ecosystem Services，ES）涵盖了自然界对人类生计和福祉的贡献。珊瑚礁环境提供了一系列的生态系统服务，对人类有着直接和间接的贡献。然而，由于地方和大规模的威胁，全球范围内的珊瑚礁环境健康状况正在下降，以不同的方式影响着生态系统服务的提供。绘制珊瑚礁生态系统服务的科学知识图谱并确定研究空白对于指导其管理和保护至关重要。我们对 2007 年至 2022 年期间发表的同行评议文章进行了系统评估，以构建珊瑚礁环境生态系统服务研究的概述。我们分析了这些研究报告中报道的生态系统服务评估的地理分布、珊瑚礁类型、方法以及生态系统服务提供变化的潜在驱动因素。基于 115 篇文章，我们的结果表明，珊瑚和牡蛎礁是研究最多的珊瑚礁生态系统。在高收入国家，文化生态系统服务（例如，休闲和旅游等亚类）是研究最多的生态系统服务，而在低收入和中等收入国家，调节和维护生态系统服务（例如，生命周期维护等亚类）占主导地位。珊瑚礁生态系统服务的研究偏向于北半球，主要是北美洲和大洋洲。研究主要使用观测方法来评估生态系统服务，2021 年和 2022 年使用统计建模的研究数量明显增加。研究规模主要是局部和区域的，研究主要涉及珊瑚礁生态系统服务的一个或两个亚类。过度开发、珊瑚礁退化和污染是影响供应、调节和维护以及文化生态系统服务提供的最常见的驱动因素。随着对珊瑚礁环境的威胁不断增加，对评估珊瑚礁对人类的贡献的需求不断增长，这将有助于预测这些生态系统服务将如何受到人为压力的影响。纳入多种协同的生态系统机制对于提供全面的生态系统服务评估至关重要，并且可以提高对功能、服务和效益的理解。
