Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, 11196 Amman, Jordan.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Jan;93:102143. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102143. Epub 2023 Nov 25.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). PD is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. Non-motor symptoms such as constipation and dysfunction of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) motility together with medications used in the management of PD affect gut microbiota. Alterations of gut microbiota with development of gut dyspiosis can induce momentous changes in gut barrier with subsequent systemic inflammation and induction of neuroinflammation. It has been shown that calprotectin which reflect intestinal inflammation and gut barrier injury are augmented in PD. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the possible role of gut barrier injury and associated dysbiois in PD neuropathology, and how calprotectin reflects gut barrier injury in PD. Benefit of this review was to elucidate that high fecal calprotectin level in PD patients indicated gut dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation. Early increment of fecal calprotectin indicates the development of gut dysbiosis and/or gut-barrier injury which may precede motor symptoms by decades. Thus, fecal calprotectin could be a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PD. preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard to emphasize the potential role of fecal calprotectin in PD neuropathology.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，由于黑质致密部（SNpc）中的多巴胺能神经元（DN）退化所致。PD 的特征是运动和非运动症状。非运动症状如便秘和胃肠道（GIT）运动功能障碍，以及用于管理 PD 的药物会影响肠道微生物群。肠道微生物群的改变和肠道失调的发展会导致肠道屏障发生重大变化，随后会发生全身炎症和神经炎症。已经表明，反映肠道炎症和肠道屏障损伤的钙卫蛋白在 PD 中增加。因此，本综述旨在阐明肠道屏障损伤和相关的肠道失调在 PD 神经病理学中的可能作用，以及钙卫蛋白如何反映 PD 中的肠道屏障损伤。本综述的意义在于阐明 PD 患者粪便钙卫蛋白水平升高表明肠道失调和肠道炎症。粪便钙卫蛋白的早期升高表明肠道失调和/或肠道屏障损伤的发展，这可能比运动症状早几十年。因此，粪便钙卫蛋白可能是 PD 的诊断和预后生物标志物。在这方面需要进行临床前和临床研究，以强调粪便钙卫蛋白在 PD 神经病理学中的潜在作用。
