Departamento de Sanidad Animal (Parasitología y Enfermedades Parasitarias), Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Zoonoses Public Health. 2024 Mar;71(2):191-199. doi: 10.1111/zph.13098. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Trichinella spp. exposure in wild boar and Iberian domestic pigs from Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain.
Serum samples from 1360 wild boar and 439 Iberian domestic pigs were obtained during 2015-2020, from regions where Iberian pigs are raised under extensive conditions, hence sharing habitat with wild boar. Seropositivity was found in 7.4% (100/1360; 95% CI: 6.1-8.9) of the wild boar analysed. In this species, the individual seroprevalence ranged from 3.6% (8/223) (hunting season 2016-2017) to 11.4% (37/326) (2018-2019). A significant higher seropositivity was observed during the hunting season 2018-2019 (p < 0.009: OR = 3.07; 95% CI = 1.32-7.18) and one statistically significant cluster was detected within the studied area, in south central Andalusia [Relative Risk (RR) = 2.9; p = 0.037]. Females showed a significantly higher seroprevalence than males (8.7% vs. 5.8%) (p < 0.001: OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.08-2.32). No seropositivity to Trichinella spp. was detected in Iberian domestic pigs (0.0%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.9).
Although wild boar play an important role as a reservoir of Trichinella sp. in the Mediterranean ecosystems of southwestern Spain, our results suggest that the wild boar production system does not seem to pose a risk of Trichinella exposure to domestic pigs, despite sharing habitats in these ecosystems.
本研究采用横断面研究，评估了西班牙西南部地中海生态系统中野猪和伊比利亚家猪的旋毛虫血清阳性率及其相关危险因素。
2015 年至 2020 年期间，从伊比利亚猪在野外条件下饲养的地区采集了 1360 头野猪和 439 头伊比利亚家猪的血清样本。分析显示，野猪的血清阳性率为 7.4%（100/1360；95%可信区间：6.1-8.9）。在该物种中，个体血清阳性率从 2016-2017 年的狩猎季节的 3.6%（8/223）到 2018-2019 年的 11.4%（37/326）不等。在 2018-2019 年的狩猎季节观察到了显著更高的血清阳性率（p<0.009：OR=3.07；95%可信区间=1.32-7.18），并且在研究区域内发现了一个统计学上显著的聚集区，位于安达卢西亚中南部[相对风险（RR）=2.9；p=0.037]。雌性的血清阳性率明显高于雄性（8.7%比 5.8%）（p<0.001：OR=1.58；95%可信区间=1.08-2.32）。伊比利亚家猪未检测到旋毛虫血清阳性（0.0%；95%可信区间：0.0-0.9）。
尽管野猪在西班牙西南部的地中海生态系统中作为旋毛虫的重要储存宿主，但我们的结果表明，尽管在这些生态系统中共享栖息地，但野猪的生产系统似乎不会对家猪暴露于旋毛虫产生风险。
