Department of Psychiatry, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal.
Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj, Nepal.
Brain Behav. 2023 Dec;13(12):e3344. doi: 10.1002/brb3.3344. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
Nepal is a country in South-east Asia with high suicide. There is ongoing trend of emerging research on suicide from Nepal but there is lack of validated scale in measuring literacy or stigma. In the view of poor media reporting and large treatment gap, this study was conducted. All previous validation studies were done in non-Hindu populations.
A cross-sectional study was planned where the short forms of Nepalese literacy of suicide scale (LOSS-SF-Nep) and Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS-SF-Nep) were validated using standard procedure at a medical college in southern Nepal. Medical and nursing students of all batches were approached offline after successful pretesting. The psychometric properties of the scales were tested, and the statuses of literacy and stigma were assessed. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 were used for revealing depression and generalized anxiety.
Three hundred and nineteen Nepalese students participated and most of them were males, belonged to nuclear family, upper-middle socioeconomic status and represented 46 out of 77 districts of Nepal. The mean score of LOSS-SF-Nep was 6.36 ± 1.92 and literacy ranged from 37.9% to 89.7%. The deeper exposure to suicidal patients was associated with better literacy. Factor analysis of SOSS-SF-Nep revealed three subscales: stigmatization, isolation/depression, and normalization/glorification and had acceptable psychometric properties. Gender, occupation of head of the family, region and years of education, using mental health services, and depression were associated with variable literacy or stigma.
Literacy and stigma scales were validated in Nepali, and SOSS factor structures were revealed with modified descriptors. The literacy and stigma levels in medical students were calculated for the first time in Nepal and Hindu majority population.
尼泊尔是东南亚的一个国家，自杀率很高。尼泊尔正在进行关于自杀的新兴研究，但缺乏衡量读写能力或耻辱感的经过验证的量表。鉴于媒体报道不佳和治疗差距较大，进行了这项研究。之前所有的验证研究都是在非印度教人群中进行的。
计划进行一项横断面研究，在尼泊尔南部的一所医学院，按照标准程序验证尼泊尔自杀读写能力量表（LOSS-SF-Nep）和自杀耻辱感量表（SOSS-SF-Nep）的简短形式。对所有批次的医学生和护生进行线下接触，在成功预测试后。测试了量表的心理测量特性，并评估了读写能力和耻辱感的状况。使用患者健康问卷-9 和广泛性焦虑症量表-7 来揭示抑郁和广泛性焦虑。
319 名尼泊尔学生参与了研究，其中大多数是男性，来自核心家庭，中上社会经济地位，代表了尼泊尔 77 个区中的 46 个区。LOSS-SF-Nep 的平均得分为 6.36±1.92，读写能力范围为 37.9%至 89.7%。与自杀患者接触越深，读写能力越好。SOSS-SF-Nep 的因子分析显示了三个亚量表：污名化、孤立/抑郁和正常化/美化，具有可接受的心理测量特性。性别、家庭主要成员的职业、地区和教育年限、使用心理健康服务以及抑郁与读写能力或耻辱感的变化有关。
在尼泊尔验证了读写能力和耻辱感量表，揭示了 SOSS 因子结构，并使用修改后的描述符进行了描述。这是第一次在尼泊尔和印度教占多数的人群中计算医学生的读写能力和耻辱感水平。
