Department of Nutrition, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
J Med Virol. 2023 Nov;95(11):e29246. doi: 10.1002/jmv.29246.
The effect of anemia on the post-acute outcome of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between nutritional deficiency anemia (NDA) status and post-acute sequelae of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This retrospective cohort study included patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from January 1, 2022 to November 30, 2022 using the TriNetX research network. The patients were grouped into the NDA group comprising patients diagnosed with NDA and the control group comprising patients without NDA, and propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the two groups. The primary outcome was a composite of post-COVID-19 condition, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause death. The secondary outcomes were any individual outcomes of the primary composite. The follow-up period was set at 90-180 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Two cohorts comprising 15 446 nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 in each group with balanced baseline characteristics were created using PSM. During the follow-up period, the NDA group demonstrated a higher risk of the composite primary outcome, including post-COVID-19 condition, all-cause hospitalization, or all-cause death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.896; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.757-2.045). Regarding secondary outcomes, the NDA group was associated with worse outcomes, including post-COVID-19 condition (HR, 1.992; 95% CI = 1.403-2.828), all-cause hospitalization (HR, 1.856; 95% CI = 1.714-2.009), and all-cause death (HR, 3.922; 95% CI = 2.910-5.285) compared to the control group. Among nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19, NDA was associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 condition, all-cause hospitalization, and all-cause death during the 90-180-day follow-up period.
贫血对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 感染患者的急性后期结局的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨营养性缺铁性贫血（NDA）状态与 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者急性后期后遗症之间的潜在关联。本回顾性队列研究使用 TriNetX 研究网络纳入了 2022 年 1 月 1 日至 2022 年 11 月 30 日期间的冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者。患者分为 NDA 组（包括诊断为 NDA 的患者）和对照组（包括无 NDA 的患者），并进行倾向评分匹配（PSM）以平衡两组。主要结局是 COVID-19 后疾病、全因住院和全因死亡的综合结果。次要结局是主要综合结果的任何单一结果。随访时间设定为 COVID-19 诊断后 90-180 天。使用 PSM 分别在每组中创建了包含 15446 名非住院 COVID-19 患者的两个队列，这些队列具有平衡的基线特征。在随访期间，NDA 组发生 COVID-19 后疾病、全因住院或全因死亡的复合主要结局的风险更高（风险比[HR]，1.896；95%置信区间[CI]，1.757-2.045）。关于次要结局，NDA 组与更差的结局相关，包括 COVID-19 后疾病（HR，1.992；95%CI，1.403-2.828）、全因住院（HR，1.856；95%CI，1.714-2.009）和全因死亡（HR，3.922；95%CI，2.910-5.285）。与对照组相比，NDA 与非住院 COVID-19 患者 COVID-19 后疾病、全因住院和全因死亡的风险增加相关，在 90-180 天的随访期间。
