Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Moore Park, NSW, 2030, Australia.
Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Support Care Cancer. 2023 Nov 28;31(12):724. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08183-7.
Growing recognition of the gut microbiome as an influential modulator of cancer treatment efficacy and toxicity has led to the emergence of clinical interventions targeting the microbiome to enhance cancer and health outcomes. The highly modifiable nature of microbiota to endogenous, exogenous, and environmental inputs enables interventions to promote resilience of the gut microbiome that have rapid effects on host health, or response to cancer treatment. While diet, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplant are primary avenues of therapy focused on restoring or protecting gut function in people undergoing cancer treatment, the role of physical activity and exercise has scarcely been examined in this population.
A narrative review was conducted to explore the nexus between cancer care and the gut microbiome in the context of physical activity and exercise as a widely available and clinically effective supportive care strategy used by cancer survivors.
Exercise can facilitate a more diverse gut microbiome and functional metabolome in humans; however, most physical activity and exercise studies have been conducted in healthy or athletic populations, primarily using aerobic exercise modalities. A scarcity of exercise and microbiome studies in cancer exists.
Exercise remains an attractive avenue to promote microbiome health in cancer survivors. Future research should elucidate the various influences of exercise modalities, intensities, frequencies, durations, and volumes to explore dose-response relationships between exercise and the gut microbiome among cancer survivors, as well as multifaceted approaches (such as diet and probiotics), and examine the influences of exercise on the gut microbiome and associated symptom burden prior to, during, and following cancer treatment.
人们越来越认识到肠道微生物组是影响癌症治疗效果和毒性的重要调节因素，这促使临床干预措施应运而生，旨在通过靶向微生物组来提高癌症和健康结果。微生物组具有高度可调节性，可以对外源和环境输入产生反应，这使得干预措施能够促进肠道微生物组的恢复力，从而对宿主健康或癌症治疗反应产生快速影响。虽然饮食、益生菌和粪便微生物群移植是主要的治疗途径，旨在恢复或保护癌症治疗患者的肠道功能，但在这一人群中，身体活动和运动的作用几乎没有得到研究。
进行了叙述性综述，以探讨在身体活动和运动的背景下，癌症护理与肠道微生物组之间的关系，因为身体活动和运动是癌症幸存者广泛使用的、具有临床疗效的支持性护理策略。
运动可以促进人类肠道微生物组的多样性和功能代谢组；然而，大多数身体活动和运动研究都是在健康或运动人群中进行的，主要使用有氧运动方式。在癌症患者中，关于运动和微生物组的研究很少。
运动仍然是促进癌症幸存者肠道微生物组健康的一种有吸引力的途径。未来的研究应该阐明运动方式、强度、频率、持续时间和量的各种影响，以探索癌症幸存者中运动与肠道微生物组之间的剂量-反应关系，以及多方面的方法（如饮食和益生菌），并研究运动对肠道微生物组及其相关症状负担的影响，包括在癌症治疗之前、期间和之后。
