University of Vienna, Sociology Department, Rooseveltplatz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Krakowie, ul. Rakowicka 27, 31-510 Kraków, Poland.
National University of Ireland, Galway, NUI Galway, Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Lifecourse & Society, Corrib Village, Ireland.
J Aging Stud. 2023 Dec;67:101188. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101188. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
There is increasing interest across European contexts in promoting active social lives in older age, and counteracting pathways and outcomes related to social isolation and loneliness for men and women in later life. This is evidenced within national and European level policy, including the 2021 Green Paper on Ageing and its concern with understanding how risks can accrue for European ageing populations in the relational sphere. Research indicates that life-course transitions can function as a source of these risks, leading to a range of potentially exclusionary impacts for the social relations of older men and women. Findings presented in this paper are drawn from the qualitative component of a larger European mixed-methods study on exclusion from social relations (GENPATH: A life course perspective on the GENdered PATHways of social exclusion in later life, and its consequences for health and well-being). We use data from 119 in-depth interviews from four jurisdictions: Austria, Czechia, Ireland and Spain. This research employed an approach that focused on capturing lived experienced insights related to relational change across the life course, the implications of these changes for multifaceted forms of exclusion from social relations and the role of gender in patterning these changes and implications. We focused on transitions that commonly emerged across those jurisdictions for older people: onset of ill-health, bereavement, retirement and relocation. We found that these transitions translate into multidimensional experiences of exclusion from social relations in the lives of older men and women by constraining their social networks, support networks, social opportunities and intimate relationships.
在欧洲背景下，人们越来越关注促进老年人的积极社交生活，以及对抗男性和女性晚年与社会隔离和孤独相关的途径和结果。这在国家和欧洲层面的政策中都有体现，包括 2021 年关于老龄化的绿皮书及其对理解在关系领域中欧洲老龄化人口可能面临的风险的关注。研究表明，人生历程的转变可能是这些风险的根源，导致老年男性和女性的社会关系出现一系列潜在的排斥影响。本文提出的研究结果来自于一项关于排除社会关系的更大规模的欧洲混合方法研究的定性部分（GENPATH：晚年社会排斥的性别化路径的生命历程视角及其对健康和福祉的影响）。我们使用了来自四个司法管辖区的 119 个深入访谈的数据：奥地利、捷克、爱尔兰和西班牙。这项研究采用了一种方法，重点是捕捉与人生历程中关系变化相关的生活经验洞察，这些变化对多方面的社会关系排斥形式的影响，以及性别在塑造这些变化和影响中的作用。我们关注的是在这些司法管辖区中老年人普遍经历的过渡：健康状况恶化、丧偶、退休和搬迁。我们发现，这些过渡通过限制老年人的社交网络、支持网络、社交机会和亲密关系，使他们在社会关系中经历了多维的排斥。
