Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2024 Jan 29;13(1):91-99. doi: 10.1093/jpids/piad107.
Characterization of longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses in children following infection and vaccination is needed to inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine policy decisions for children, which may differ from adults.
We enrolled individuals at the time of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination for longitudinal serological testing and compared SARS-CoV-2-spike-specific IgG and neutralization activity in children and adults stratified by infection and vaccination status using enzyme-linked immunosorbent and virus neutralization assays.
Between June 2020 and December 2022, we collected sera from 669 participants aged 40 days to 55 years, including 330 unvaccinated individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 180 vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals, and 159 vaccinated previously infected individuals. Half (n = 330, 49.3%) were children. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and neutralization activity in children < 12 years old in response to infection persisted at higher levels than those of adults through at least 6 months (spike-specific IgG levels, 2.05 [95% CI: 1.4-3.1] times higher than adults; neutralizing activity, median 88.8 vs 75.2%, respectively, p = .04). In addition, all pediatric participants had significantly higher IgG levels compared with adults at 6 months following infection or vaccination, regardless of prior infection status. Vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG responses in previously infected individuals persisted at higher levels than those from infection alone at 6 months (median AUC, children 5-11 years old, 9115 vs 368; adolescents 3613 vs 475; adults 1956 vs 263, all p < .001).
These data demonstrate the robust and persistent immunologic response of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in children and emphasize the benefit of vaccination after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
为了为儿童制定 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种政策，需要了解感染和接种疫苗后儿童体内 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体的纵向反应特征，这可能与成人不同。
我们在 SARS-CoV-2 感染或接种疫苗时招募了个体进行纵向血清学检测，并使用酶联免疫吸附和病毒中和试验比较了按感染和接种状态分层的儿童和成人中 SARS-CoV-2 刺突特异性 IgG 和中和活性。
2020 年 6 月至 2022 年 12 月，我们从 40 天至 55 岁的 669 名参与者中收集了血清，其中包括 330 名未接种疫苗的实验室确诊 SARS-CoV-2 感染患者、180 名接种 SARS-CoV-2 的未感染患者和 159 名接种 SARS-CoV-2 的既往感染患者。其中一半（n=330，49.3%）为儿童。在至少 6 个月的时间内，儿童<12 岁患者对感染的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgG 和中和活性水平高于成人（刺突特异性 IgG 水平高 2.05 倍[95%CI：1.4-3.1]；中和活性分别为 88.8%和 75.2%，p=0.04）。此外，无论既往感染状态如何，所有儿科参与者在感染或接种疫苗后 6 个月时的 IgG 水平均明显高于成人。与单独感染相比，既往感染个体的疫苗诱导的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgG 反应在 6 个月时持续保持较高水平（儿童 5-11 岁中位数 AUC，9115 比 368；青少年 3613 比 475；成人 1956 比 263，均 p<0.001）。
这些数据表明 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种在儿童体内产生了强大且持久的免疫反应，并强调了 SARS-CoV-2 感染后接种疫苗的益处。
