From the Nutritional Epidemiology and Biostatistics Branches, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Office of Preventive Oncology, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services.
J Clin Oncol. 2023 Dec 1;41(34):5209-5224. doi: 10.1200/JCO.23.00864.
Efforts to reduce global cancer disparities begin with an understanding of geographic patterns in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence. Using the GLOBOCAN (2002) and Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases, we describe overall cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence, age-adjusted temporal trends, and age-specific incidence patterns in selected geographic regions of the world. For the eight most common malignancies-cancers of lung, breast, colon and rectum, stomach, prostate, liver, cervix, and esophagus-the most important risk factors, cancer prevention and control measures are briefly reviewed.In 2002, an estimated 11 million new cancer cases and 7 million cancer deaths were reported worldwide; nearly 25 million persons were living with cancer. Among the eight most common cancers, global disparities in cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence are evident, likely due to complex interactions of nonmodifiable (ie, genetic susceptibility and aging) and modifiable risk factors (ie, tobacco, infectious agents, diet, and physical activity). Indeed, when risk factors among populations are intertwined with differences in individual behaviors, cultural beliefs and practices, socioeconomic conditions, and health care systems, global cancer disparities are inevitable. For the eight most common cancers, priorities for reducing cancer disparities are discussed.
要减少全球癌症的差距，首先需要了解癌症发病率、死亡率和流行率的地理分布模式。我们利用 GLOBOCAN（2002 年）和《五大洲癌症发病率》数据库，描述了全球部分特定地区的总体癌症发病率、死亡率和流行率、年龄调整后的时间趋势以及特定年龄的发病模式。对于肺癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌和直肠癌、胃癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、宫颈癌和食管癌这 8 种最常见的恶性肿瘤，简要回顾了主要的危险因素和癌症的预防控制措施。2002 年，全球估计有 1100 万例新发癌症病例和 700 万例癌症死亡病例；约有 2500 万人患有癌症。在这 8 种最常见的癌症中，癌症的发病率、死亡率和流行率存在明显的全球差距，这可能是由于不可改变的（即遗传易感性和衰老）和可改变的危险因素（即烟草、感染因子、饮食和体力活动）之间复杂的相互作用所致。事实上，当人群中的危险因素与个人行为、文化信仰和习俗、社会经济条件以及医疗保健系统的差异交织在一起时，全球癌症差距是不可避免的。对于这 8 种最常见的癌症，我们讨论了减少癌症差距的优先事项。
