Milev Misko, Roglev Boris, Kondeva Rogleva Maria, Georgieva Milena, Miloshev George, Ruskovska Tatjana
Faculty of Medical Sciences, Goce Delcev University, Stip, North Macedonia.
Diaverum Clinic, Gevgelija, North Macedonia.
Br J Nutr. 2025 Jul 14;134(1):1-15. doi: 10.1017/S000711452500073X. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
(Poly)phenols are plant-derived food bioactives abundantly present in human diet. They exert positive effects on various aspects of human health and in particular in reducing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Dietary (poly)phenols have been reported to improve vascular function, blood lipids, insulin sensitivity and to decrease systemic inflammation. Evidence also suggests that (poly)phenols may exert protective effects on DNA, by reducing the extent of its damage. In recent years, advanced analytical methods, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics and metagenomics, have been employed to unravel the complex impact of (poly)phenols in health and disease. Advances in bioinformatics enable an integrated multi-omics approach to data analysis, opening avenues for discovering new, previously unknown molecular mechanisms of action. Innovative solutions and automation of the Comet assay offer new opportunities for more in-depth analysis of the impact of (poly)phenols on DNA damage and its inclusion in integrative bioinformatic models. Such an approach has the potential to uncover new multi-level interactions and to reveal previously unknown factors underlying inter-individual variabilities in health-promoting effects of (poly)phenols. This review provides an insight into the application of the Comet assay in human intervention studies using (poly)phenol-rich dietary sources. Recent advancements in the Comet assay technology and the prospects for more extensive use of this method in future human intervention studies with (poly)phenols could contribute to the development of personalized dietary recommendations for these plant-derived food bioactives.
（多）酚类是植物源食物生物活性成分，大量存在于人类饮食中。它们对人类健康的各个方面都有积极影响，尤其是在降低慢性非传染性疾病风险方面。据报道，膳食（多）酚可改善血管功能、血脂、胰岛素敏感性，并减轻全身炎症。有证据还表明，（多）酚类可能通过减少DNA损伤程度对其发挥保护作用。近年来，包括转录组学、代谢组学、蛋白质组学和宏基因组学在内的先进分析方法已被用于揭示（多）酚类在健康和疾病中的复杂影响。生物信息学的进展使数据分析能够采用综合多组学方法，为发现新的、以前未知的分子作用机制开辟了道路。彗星试验的创新解决方案和自动化为更深入分析（多）酚类对DNA损伤的影响及其纳入综合生物信息学模型提供了新机会。这种方法有可能揭示新的多层次相互作用，并揭示（多）酚类促进健康作用个体间差异背后以前未知的因素。本综述深入探讨了彗星试验在使用富含（多）酚类膳食来源的人体干预研究中的应用。彗星试验技术的最新进展以及该方法在未来（多）酚类人体干预研究中更广泛应用的前景，可能有助于为这些植物源食物生物活性成分制定个性化饮食建议。
