Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Section of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Vet Anaesth Analg. 2024 Jan;51(1):35-43. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.073. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Novel locoregional techniques use dye studies to confirm successful nerve targeting. The goal was to objectively quantify and compare nerve staining characteristics of dye mixtures commonly reported in the literature using image analysis software.
Prospective, randomized cadaveric study.
Thirty-six brachial plexus nerves from unpreserved pig cadavers were randomized into three groups of 12: FD (1:10 mixture of blue food dye and bupivacaine 0.5%), MB (methylene blue 1%) and TM (0.1:10 mixture of blue tissue marker and lidocaine 2%). Nerves were immersed in dye for 1, 15, 30 or 60 minutes (n = 3 each). Images of nerves before immersion (baseline) and at each time point with epineurium intact (superficial staining) and after longitudinal bisection (deep staining) were processed using image analysis software. Color saturation values were divided into quartiles (dark, medium-dark, medium-light or light). Percentage of stained nerve area in each quartile was calculated and compared using two-way anova.
Superficially, at minute 1, dark saturation covered 40% of nerve area in FD versus 19% in MB (p = 0.04) and 0% in TM (p < 0.0001). In bisected nerves, dark and medium-dark saturations occurred only in FD; medium-light saturation comprised anywhere from 4% to 22.5% over time in FD versus <1% at any time in MB (p = 1.000; p = 0.343; p = 0.383; p = 0.262). Deep staining was not found in TM at any point.
Food dye rapidly stains superficial and deep nerve layers. Based on these characteristics, investigators can choose the appropriate dye for their study.
新型局部技术使用染料研究来确认成功的神经靶向。目标是使用图像分析软件客观地量化和比较文献中常见的染料混合物的神经染色特征。
前瞻性、随机尸体研究。
将 36 根来自未保存的猪尸体的臂丛神经随机分为三组，每组 12 根：FD（蓝色食物染料和布比卡因 0.5%的 1:10 混合物）、MB（亚甲蓝 1%）和 TM（蓝色组织标记物和利多卡因 0.1:10 的混合物）。将神经浸入染料中 1、15、30 或 60 分钟（每组各 3 根）。在浸入前（基线）和在每个时间点用神经外膜完整（浅表染色）和纵向切开后（深部染色）拍摄神经的图像，并使用图像分析软件进行处理。颜色饱和度值被分为四分之一（深、中深、中浅或浅）。用双向方差分析比较每个四分位数（深、中深、中浅或浅）的染色神经面积百分比。
在浅表染色中，在第 1 分钟时，FD 的深色饱和度覆盖神经区域的 40%，而 MB 为 19%（p=0.04），TM 为 0%（p<0.0001）。在切开的神经中，深色和中深色饱和度仅在 FD 中出现；中浅色饱和度在 FD 中随时间从 4%到 22.5%不等，而在 MB 中任何时间都不到 1%（p=1.000；p=0.343；p=0.383；p=0.262）。在任何时候，TM 都没有发现深部染色。
食用染料可迅速染色神经的浅层和深层。根据这些特征，研究人员可以为他们的研究选择合适的染料。
