Raghu Aksshaya, Ganesh A, Muthu M S, Vignesh Krishnapillai Chandrababu, Mohanraj R, Wadgave Umesh
Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2024 Feb;25(1):39-47. doi: 10.1007/s40368-023-00851-w. Epub 2023 Nov 29.
Dental trauma represents a significant public health problem, causing a burden for both individuals and society. The aim of this study is to systematically develop and validate a questionnaire on 'traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies' (TIME) for assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) for a commonality.
The scale development phases included conceptual framework, systematic development of an item pool, refinement of the item pool by Focus-group discussion (n = 23), validity-testing using Content Validity Index (n = 5), translation and back-translation, Cognitive interviewing (n = 30,45), and reliability testing (n = 40). The conceptual framework was built based on six broad constructs, such as broken teeth, knocked-out (avulsion) teeth, pushed/moved-in and loosened teeth (luxation injuries), soft tissue injuries, follow-up and management, and prevention and protection.
Reviews of existing questionnaires significantly helped to generate an initial pool of 68 items (refined to 51 items). Lawshe's content validity was 0.92. High test-retest reliability was demonstrated (kappa value = 0.98). The questionnaire showed a high level of reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86) with great internal consistency.
TIME is the first validated scale for recording knowledge, attitude and practices on traumatic dental injuries and management of emergencies for non-dental professionals. The 51-tem tool will allow dentists to evaluate KAP of commonality. KAP measured across the globe would have a significant impact on planning awareness programs by dentists and dental associations.
牙外伤是一个重大的公共卫生问题，给个人和社会都带来了负担。本研究的目的是系统地开发和验证一份关于“牙外伤与应急处理”（TIME）的问卷，以评估大众的知识、态度和行为（KAP）。
量表开发阶段包括概念框架、项目池的系统开发、通过焦点小组讨论（n = 23）对项目池进行细化、使用内容效度指数进行效度测试（n = 5）、翻译与回译、认知访谈（n = 30,45）以及信度测试（n = 40）。概念框架基于六个广泛的构建要素构建，如牙齿折断、牙齿脱落（牙脱位）、牙齿移位/嵌入和松动（牙震荡损伤）、软组织损伤、随访与处理以及预防与保护。
对现有问卷的审查显著有助于生成一个初始的68个条目的项目池（细化为51个条目）。劳希的内容效度为0.92。显示出高重测信度（kappa值 = 0.98）。该问卷显示出高水平的信度（克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.86），具有很强的内部一致性。
TIME是首个经过验证的量表，用于记录非牙科专业人员关于牙外伤与应急处理的知识、态度和行为。这个包含51个条目的工具将使牙医能够评估大众的KAP。在全球范围内测量的KAP将对牙医和牙科协会开展提高认识项目的规划产生重大影响。
