Ma Shuai, Xu Shucai, Song Jiafeng, Wang Kejun, Qin Haoyi, Wang Ruixiang
School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Suzhou Automobile Research Institute (Xiang Cheng), Tsinghua University, Suzhou, China.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2024;25(2):116-121. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2282948. Epub 2024 Jan 2.
A driver's active emergency response in dangerous traffic scenes consists of two parts, including reaction behavior and physiological state. In dangerous traffic scenes, the driver's active emergency response has an important impact on human collision injury. Clarifying the driver's active emergency response is an important prerequisite for the study of human collision injury under nonstandard posture. Therefore, this study investigates the driver's active emergency response in different inevitable collision scenes using driving simulator.
A driving simulator with a high-speed camera system and human physiological signal acquisition system was first built. Then, three typical vehicle dangerous collision scenes were developed, including frontal collision, side collision, and rear-end collision. Finally, twenty participants (15 males and 5 females) were recruited for a driving experiment, and their active emergency responses were recorded and analyzed.
All subjects would rotate the steering wheel to the left or right in the active emergency state, and the rotation of the hand would also cause the subject's upper body to tilt in the same direction. The maximum angle for male subjects to rotate the steering wheel was 59.98°, while for the female subjects, it was 44.28°. In addition, the maximum grip force between the male subjects and the steering wheel was 280.5 N, compared to 192.5 N for female subjects. Compared to the female participants, the male participants not only have a greater rotation angle and a greater grip force on the steering wheel, but also have greater pressure on the brake pedal, and the foot moves quickly from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and presses the brake pedal.
Drivers have different active emergency responses to different vehicle collision scenes. Quantitative statistics of driver's active emergency response will have important guiding significance for the analysis of the impact of human active emergency response on human injury characteristics in subsequent vehicle collision experiments.
驾驶员在危险交通场景中的主动应急反应包括反应行为和生理状态两个部分。在危险交通场景中，驾驶员的主动应急反应对人体碰撞损伤有重要影响。明确驾驶员的主动应急反应是研究非标准姿势下人体碰撞损伤的重要前提。因此，本研究使用驾驶模拟器调查驾驶员在不同不可避免碰撞场景中的主动应急反应。
首先构建了一个配备高速摄像系统和人体生理信号采集系统的驾驶模拟器。然后，开发了三种典型的车辆危险碰撞场景，包括正面碰撞、侧面碰撞和追尾碰撞。最后，招募了20名参与者（15名男性和5名女性）进行驾驶实验，并记录和分析他们的主动应急反应。
所有受试者在主动应急状态下都会将方向盘向左或向右转，手部的转动也会导致受试者上半身向同一方向倾斜。男性受试者转动方向盘的最大角度为59.98°，而女性受试者为44.28°。此外，男性受试者与方向盘之间的最大握力为280.5N，女性受试者为192.5N。与女性参与者相比，男性参与者不仅在方向盘上的转动角度更大、握力更大，而且在制动踏板上的压力也更大，并且脚从加速踏板快速移至制动踏板并踩下制动踏板。
驾驶员对不同的车辆碰撞场景有不同的主动应急反应。对驾驶员主动应急反应进行定量统计，将对后续车辆碰撞实验中人体主动应急反应对人体损伤特征的影响分析具有重要的指导意义。
