Shantz D W
Child Dev. 1986 Dec;57(6):1322-32.
Children's conflicts with one another during free play were observed to determine the relation between a child's rate of conflict participation and his or her rate of aggressive behavior during conflict episodes, and between these variables and the degree to which the child was liked or disliked by peers. 4 ad hoc play groups of 12 boys and 4 groups of 12 girls were formed. Each group included an equal number of first and second graders, and was observed for 10 1-hour play sessions. Sociometric interviews were conducted both before and after the set of 10 play sessions. Rate of conflict participation was positively related both to the percentage of physical (but not verbal) aggression exhibited per conflict episode and to the frequency of both types of aggression over the entire session. Although being liked by peers was not related to either conflict or aggression, being disliked was: Postsession dislike scores were primarily related to rate of conflict participation, not to the incidence of aggressive behavior. These patterns were characteristic of both boys and girls.
观察儿童在自由玩耍期间相互之间的冲突，以确定儿童在冲突事件中的冲突参与率与其攻击性行为发生率之间的关系，以及这些变量与儿童被同伴喜欢或不喜欢的程度之间的关系。组建了4个由12名男孩组成的临时游戏小组和4个由12名女孩组成的小组。每个小组中一年级和二年级学生人数相等，并对每个小组进行了10次为时1小时的游戏观察。在这10次游戏前后都进行了社会测量访谈。冲突参与率与每次冲突事件中表现出的身体攻击（而非言语攻击）的百分比以及整个游戏期间两种攻击行为的频率均呈正相关。虽然被同伴喜欢与冲突或攻击行为均无关，但被同伴不喜欢则有关：游戏结束后的不喜欢得分主要与冲突参与率有关，而与攻击行为的发生率无关。这些模式在男孩和女孩中均有体现。
