Center for Cell Structure and Function, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
J Cell Physiol. 2024 Jan;239(1):3-19. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31166. Epub 2023 Nov 30.
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms, generating haploid gametes containing half the chromosome number through two rounds of cell division. Homologous chromosomes pair and prepare for their proper segregation in subsequent divisions. How homologous chromosomes recognize each other and achieve pairing is an important question. Early studies showed that in most organisms, homologous pairing relies on homologous recombination. However, pairing mechanisms differ across species. Evidence indicates that chromosomes are dynamic and move during early meiotic stages, facilitating pairing. Recent studies in various model organisms suggest conserved mechanisms and key regulators of homologous chromosome pairing. This review summarizes these findings and compare similarities and differences in homologous chromosome pairing mechanisms across species.
减数分裂是一种发生在有性生殖生物中的特殊细胞分裂过程，通过两轮细胞分裂产生含有染色体数一半的单倍体配子。同源染色体配对，并为随后的分裂中正确的分离做准备。同源染色体如何相互识别并实现配对是一个重要的问题。早期研究表明，在大多数生物体中，同源配对依赖于同源重组。然而，配对机制在不同物种中存在差异。有证据表明，染色体在减数分裂早期是动态的，并发生移动，从而促进配对。最近在各种模式生物中的研究表明，同源染色体配对的机制具有保守性，并且存在关键的调控因子。本综述总结了这些发现，并比较了不同物种中同源染色体配对机制的相似性和差异。
