Makupa Enock, Philemon Theresia, Ringo Japhet, Ngonyoka Anibariki
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Sciences and Humanity, University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
Department of Conservation Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Dodoma, Tanzania.
Heliyon. 2023 Nov 20;9(11):e22452. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22452. eCollection 2023 Nov.
Hunting wild birds for food, ornaments, and business purposes has been a longstanding practice in the Chemba district, and local communities consider the wild bird business as the "gold" that transforms their livelihoods. This article builds on a livelihood framework to document livelihoods gained from wild bird business across livelihood capitals at the household level. We conducted a 146-household survey, 16 interviews, 4 focus group discussions, and observations to gain field information that helped to develop the article. Results show that species are the most targeted wild birds; however, other, non-targeted species were harvested in the study villages. There are significant livelihood contributions among wild bird hunters, processors, and sellers, with disproportionate benefits across the livelihood assets in the study area. The mean weekly income from selling live wild birds varies across the villages and ranges between USD 13.5 and 18.48. A significant difference is observed when comparing the income gained from selling roasted wild bird meat and selling live birds. The most commonly acquired physical assets are related to buying consumables to meet family needs, followed by buying livestock and bricks for the construction of houses. Those who engage in the wild bird business also diversify their livelihood strategies by engaging in farming and non-farming activities. We argue that, despite the different livelihoods gained from hunting and selling live or roasted wild birds' meat, the practice in the study area should be regulated to ensure that the health of wild bird consumers and the ecological functions of the targeted wild bird species are not compromised. The article provides socio-ecological information that is useful in designing sustainable methods for harvesting while protecting other bird species in central Tanzania and elsewhere with similar experiences.
猎捕野生鸟类作为食物、装饰品和商业用途在钦巴地区由来已久，当地社区将野生鸟类生意视为改变他们生计的“黄金”。本文基于生计框架，记录了家庭层面从野生鸟类生意中获得的生计。我们进行了146户家庭的调查、16次访谈、4次焦点小组讨论以及实地观察，以获取有助于撰写本文的实地信息。结果表明，[具体物种]是最常被猎捕的野生鸟类；然而，在研究村庄中也有其他非目标物种被捕获。野生鸟类猎人、加工者和销售者对生计有显著贡献，在研究区域内不同生计资产的受益情况不均衡。售卖活野生鸟类的平均周收入在不同村庄有所不同，范围在13.5美元至18.48美元之间。比较售卖烤野生鸟类肉和售卖活鸟所获收入时，观察到显著差异。最常获得的实物资产与购买满足家庭需求的消费品有关，其次是购买牲畜和用于建造房屋的砖块。从事野生鸟类生意的人还通过从事农业和非农业活动使生计策略多样化。我们认为，尽管从猎捕和售卖活的或烤的野生鸟类肉中获得了不同的生计，但研究区域内的这种做法应受到规范，以确保野生鸟类消费者的健康以及目标野生鸟类物种的生态功能不受损害。本文提供了社会生态信息，有助于在坦桑尼亚中部和其他有类似情况的地方设计可持续的捕获方法，同时保护其他鸟类物种。
