Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Department of Psychology, Germany.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2024 Feb;55:101747. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101747. Epub 2023 Nov 14.
We give an overview of what age stereotypes (AS) are, how they are acquired and change across the lifespan, and how they shape development in old age. AS reflect complex beliefs and expectations that vary on the following dimensions: They differ in content and valence, depending on the life-domain to which they are applied (context), they refer to different age-groups (reference), to older people or to oneself as an old person (direction of relevance), and they either describe how older people are or prescribe how they should be (modality). AS are acquired early, and later taint beliefs about one's own aging (internalization). Once they are part of the self-concept, AS act as self-fulfilling prophecies that shape the actual aging process (stereotype embodiment).
我们概述了年龄刻板印象（AS）是什么，它们是如何在整个生命周期中获得和变化的，以及它们如何塑造老年人的发展。AS 反映了复杂的信念和期望，这些信念和期望在以下维度上有所不同：它们在内容和价值上有所不同，具体取决于应用于哪个生活领域（语境）；它们涉及不同的年龄组（参考），涉及老年人或自己作为老年人（相关性的方向），并且它们要么描述老年人的情况，要么规定他们应该如何（模式）。AS 是早期获得的，后来会影响对自己衰老的信念（内化）。一旦它们成为自我概念的一部分，AS 就会成为自我实现的预言，塑造实际的衰老过程（刻板印象体现）。
