Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2023 Dec 7;45(6):337-346. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0038. Print 2023 Dec 1.
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) -related psychostimulant use in the context of concussion risk and symptom recovery. Data were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (NCAA-DOD CARE) Consortium from 2014 to 2017. Relative to individuals without diagnosed ADHD (i.e., control), both ADHD diagnosis and the combination of ADHD diagnosis and psychostimulant use were associated with a greater risk of incurring a concussive injury. Following a concussive injury, ADHD diagnosis was associated with longer symptom recovery time relative to the control group. However, individuals with ADHD who use psychostimulants did not take longer to resolve symptoms than controls, suggesting that psychostimulants may have a positive influence on recovery. Regardless of time point, ADHD diagnosis was associated with an elevated number of concussion-related symptoms; however, this effect appears mitigated by having used ADHD-related psychostimulants.
本研究旨在探讨注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）相关精神兴奋剂使用在脑震荡风险和症状恢复背景下的影响。数据来自 2014 年至 2017 年全国大学生体育协会国防部大联盟脑震荡评估、研究和教育（NCAA-DOD CARE）联盟。与未被诊断为 ADHD 的个体（即对照组）相比，ADHD 诊断以及 ADHD 诊断与精神兴奋剂使用的结合与遭受脑震荡损伤的风险增加有关。在发生脑震荡后，ADHD 诊断与对照组相比，症状恢复时间更长。然而，使用精神兴奋剂的 ADHD 个体的症状缓解时间并不长于对照组，这表明精神兴奋剂可能对恢复有积极影响。无论在哪个时间点，ADHD 诊断都与更多的与脑震荡相关的症状有关；然而，使用 ADHD 相关精神兴奋剂似乎减轻了这种影响。
