鸡产蛋性能的遗传参数、正反交差异和年龄相关杂种优势。
Genetic parameters, reciprocal cross differences, and age-related heterosis of egg-laying performance in chickens.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Genet Sel Evol. 2023 Dec 7;55(1):87. doi: 10.1186/s12711-023-00862-7.
BACKGROUND
Egg-laying performance is economically important in poultry breeding programs. Crossbreeding between indigenous and elite commercial lines to exploit heterosis has been an upward trend in traditional layer breeding for niche markets. The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic background and to estimate the heterosis of longitudinal egg-laying traits in reciprocal crosses between an indigenous Beijing-You and an elite commercial White Leghorn layer line. Egg weights were measured for the first three eggs, monthly from 28 to 76 weeks of age, and at 86 and 100 weeks of age. Egg quality traits were measured at 32, 54, 72, 86, and 100 weeks of age. Egg production traits were measured from the start of lay until 43, 72, and 100 weeks of age. Heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated. Heterosis was estimated as the percentage difference of performance of a crossbred from that of the parental average. Reciprocal cross differences were estimated as the difference between the reciprocal crossbreds as a percentage of the parental average.
RESULTS
Estimates of heritability of egg weights ranged from 0.29 to 0.75. Estimates of genetic correlations between egg weights at different ages ranged from 0.72 to 1.00. Estimates of heritability for cumulative egg numbers until 43, 72, and 100 weeks of age were around 0.15. Estimates of heterosis for egg weight and cumulative egg number increased with age, ranging from 1.0 to 9.0% and from 1.4 to 11.6%, respectively. From 72 to 100 weeks of age, crossbreds produced more eggs per week than the superior parent White Leghorn (3.5 eggs for White Leghorn, 3.8 and 3.9 eggs for crossbreds). Heterosis for eggshell thickness ranged from 2.7 to 6.6% when using Beijing-You as the sire breed. No significant difference between reciprocal crosses was observed for the investigated traits, except for eggshell strength at 54 weeks of age.
CONCLUSIONS
The heterosis was substantial for egg weight and cumulative egg number, and increased with age, suggesting that non-additive genetic effects are important in crossbreds between the indigenous and elite breeds. Generally, the crossbreds performed similar to or even outperformed the commercial White Leghorns for egg production persistency.
背景
产蛋性能在家禽养殖计划中具有重要的经济意义。为了利用杂种优势，在传统的蛋鸡养殖中，本土品种和优质商业品种之间的杂交已经成为一种趋势。本研究的目的是分析遗传背景，并估计北京油鸡和优质商业白来航鸡之间正反交的纵向产蛋性状的杂种优势。在 28 至 76 周龄、86 和 100 周龄时，每周测量前 3 枚蛋的蛋重；在 32、54、72、86 和 100 周龄时，测量蛋品质性状；在 43、72 和 100 周龄时，测量产蛋性能性状。估计了遗传力、表型和遗传相关。杂种优势被估计为杂交后代的表现与亲本平均值的差异百分比。估计了正反交之间的差异，其表现为作为亲本平均值的百分比的差异。
结果
蛋重的遗传力估计值在 0.29 到 0.75 之间。不同年龄蛋重之间的遗传相关性估计值在 0.72 到 1.00 之间。43、72 和 100 周龄时累计产蛋数的遗传力估计值约为 0.15。蛋重和累计产蛋数的杂种优势随年龄增加而增加，分别为 1.0%至 9.0%和 1.4%至 11.6%。从 72 周到 100 周龄，杂交后代每周产蛋量比优势父本白来航鸡多（白来航鸡 3.5 枚，杂交后代 3.8 枚和 3.9 枚）。当使用北京油鸡作为父本品种时，蛋壳厚度的杂种优势在 2.7%至 6.6%之间。除了 54 周龄的蛋壳强度外，正反交之间的差异没有统计学意义。
结论
蛋重和累计产蛋数的杂种优势较大，并随年龄增加而增加，表明非加性遗传效应在本土品种和优质品种的杂交后代中很重要。一般来说，杂交后代的产蛋持久性与商业白来航鸡相似，甚至优于商业白来航鸡。
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