Genètica i Milllora Animal, IRTA, Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
Departament de Ciència Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46071 València, Spain.
Animal. 2019 Dec;13(12):2765-2772. doi: 10.1017/S1751731119001125. Epub 2019 Jun 4.
The Iberian pig is one of the pig breeds that has the highest meat quality. Traditionally, producers have bred one of the available varieties, exclusively, and have not used crosses between them, which has contrasted sharply with other populations of commercial pigs for which crossbreeding has been a standard procedure. The objective of this study was to perform an experiment under full diallel design among three contemporary commercial varieties of Iberian pig and estimate the additive genetic variation and the crossbreeding effects (direct, maternal and heterosis) for prolificacy. The data set comprised 18 193 records for total number born and number born alive from 3800 sows of three varieties of the Iberian breed (Retinto, Torbiscal and Entrepelado) and their reciprocal crosses (Retinto × Torbiscal, Torbiscal × Retinto, Retinto × Entrepelado, Entrepelado × Retinto, Torbiscal × Entrepelado and Entrepelado × Torbiscal), and a pedigree of 4609 individuals. The analysis was based on a multiple population repeatability model, and we developed a model comparison test that indicated the presence of direct line, maternal and heterosis effects. The results indicated the superiorities of the direct line effect of the Retinto and the maternal effect of the Entrepelado populations. All of the potential crosses produced significant heterosis, and additive genetic variation was higher in the Entrepelado than it was in the other two populations. The recommended cross for the highest yield in prolificacy is a Retinto father and an Entrepelado mother to generate a hybrid commercial sow.
伊比利亚猪是肉质最好的猪品种之一。传统上，生产者只专门繁殖其中一个可用品种，而不使用它们之间的杂交，这与其他商业猪种群形成了鲜明对比，因为杂交是商业猪种群的标准程序。本研究的目的是在三个当代商业伊比利亚猪品种中进行完全双列杂交设计实验，并估计繁殖力的加性遗传变异和杂交效果（直接、母本和杂种优势）。数据集包括 3800 头母猪的 18193 个记录，用于记录总产仔数和产活仔数，这些母猪来自三个伊比利亚品种（雷蒂尼奥、托比斯卡和恩特雷佩拉多）及其正反交（雷蒂尼奥×托比斯卡、托比斯卡×雷蒂尼奥、雷蒂尼奥×恩特雷佩拉多、恩特雷佩拉多×雷蒂尼奥、托比斯卡×恩特雷佩拉多和恩特雷佩拉多×托比斯卡），以及一个 4609 个个体的系谱。分析基于多群体重复力模型，我们开发了一个模型比较测试，表明存在直接系、母本和杂种优势效应。结果表明，雷蒂尼奥的直接系优势和恩特雷佩拉多的母本效应更为优越。所有潜在的杂交都产生了显著的杂种优势，并且恩特雷佩拉多的加性遗传变异高于其他两个群体。在繁殖力方面，建议的最佳杂交是雷蒂尼奥的公猪和恩特雷佩拉多的母猪，以生产出杂交商业母猪。
