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低于1GHz频段传感器网络中信号灯塔成功率与网关密度的关系

Beacon Success Rate versus Gateway Density in Sub-GHz Sensor Networks.

作者信息

Can Başak, Karaoğlu Bora, Potta Srikar, Zhang Franklin, Balanuta Artur, Gencel Muhammed Faruk, Bhat Uttam, Huang Johnny, Patankar Pooja, Makharia Shruti, Suryanarayanan Radhakrishnan, Kandhalu Arvind, Krishnamurthy Vijaya Shankar Vinay Sagar

机构信息

Amazon Lab126, 1100 Enterprise Way, Sunnyvale, CA 94089, USA.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2023 Nov 30;23(23):9530. doi: 10.3390/s23239530.

DOI:10.3390/s23239530
PMID:38067904
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10708715/
Abstract

Multiple Gateways (GWs) provide network connectivity to Internet of Things (IoT) sensors in a Wide Area Network (WAN). The End Nodes (ENs) can connect to any GW by discovering and acquiring its periodic beacons. This provides GW diversity, improving coverage area. However, simultaneous periodic beacon transmissions among nearby GWs lead to interference and collisions. In this study, the impact of such intra-network interference is analyzed to determine the maximum number of GWs that can coexist. The paper presents a new collision model that considers the combined effects of the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical (PHY) layers. The model takes into account the partial overlap durations and relative power of all colliding events. It also illustrates the relationship between the collisions and the resulting packet loss rates. A performance evaluation is presented using a combination of analytical and simulation methods, with the former validating the simulation results. The system models are developed from experimental data obtained from field measurements. Numerical results are provided with Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation. This paper provides guidance on selecting GFSK modulation parameters for low bit-rate and narrow-bandwidth IoT applications. The analysis and simulation results show that larger beacon intervals and frequency hopping help in reducing beacon loss rates, at the cost of larger beacon acquisition latency. On the flip side, the gateway discovery latency reduces with increasing GW density, thanks to an abundance of beacons.

摘要

多个网关（GW）为广域网（WAN）中的物联网（IoT）传感器提供网络连接。终端节点（EN）可以通过发现并获取其周期性信标来连接到任何网关。这提供了网关多样性，扩大了覆盖范围。然而，附近网关之间同时进行的周期性信标传输会导致干扰和冲突。在本研究中，分析了这种网络内干扰的影响，以确定可以共存的网关的最大数量。本文提出了一种新的冲突模型，该模型考虑了介质访问控制（MAC）层和物理（PHY）层的综合影响。该模型考虑了所有冲突事件的部分重叠持续时间和相对功率。它还说明了冲突与由此产生的丢包率之间的关系。使用分析和仿真方法相结合进行了性能评估，前者验证了仿真结果。系统模型是根据现场测量获得的实验数据开发的。给出了采用高斯频移键控（GFSK）调制的数值结果。本文为低比特率和窄带宽物联网应用选择GFSK调制参数提供了指导。分析和仿真结果表明，更大的信标间隔和跳频有助于降低信标丢失率，但代价是信标获取延迟更大。另一方面，由于信标丰富，网关发现延迟随着网关密度的增加而降低。

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