Basic Medical Experiment Teaching Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Nov 28;24(23):16882. doi: 10.3390/ijms242316882.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), a multifunctional cytokine, is one of the most important inflammatory cytokines closely related to pregnancy. It plays significant roles in hormone secretion, placental development, and embryonic growth during pregnancy. TGF-β is implicated in embryo implantation and inhibits the invasion of extraepithelial trophoblast cells. It also moderates the mother-fetus interaction by adjusting the secretion pattern of immunomodulatory factors in the placenta, consequently influencing the mother's immune cells. The TGF-β family regulates the development of the nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems by regulating gene expression. Furthermore, TGF-β has been associated with various pregnancy complications. An increase in TGF-β levels can induce the occurrences of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, while a decrease can lead to recurrent miscarriage due to the interference of the immune tolerance environment. This review focuses on the role of TGF-β in embryo implantation and development, providing new insights for the clinical prevention and treatment of pregnancy complications.
转化生长因子β（TGF-β）是一种多功能细胞因子，是与妊娠密切相关的最重要的炎症细胞因子之一。它在妊娠期间的激素分泌、胎盘发育和胚胎生长中发挥重要作用。TGF-β 参与胚胎着床，并抑制上皮外滋养层细胞的浸润。它还通过调节胎盘免疫调节因子的分泌模式来调节母婴相互作用，从而影响母亲的免疫细胞。TGF-β 家族通过调节基因表达来调节神经系统、呼吸系统和心血管系统的发育。此外，TGF-β 与各种妊娠并发症有关。TGF-β 水平的增加可导致子痫前期和妊娠期糖尿病的发生，而水平的降低可因免疫耐受环境的干扰而导致复发性流产。本综述重点介绍了 TGF-β 在胚胎着床和发育中的作用，为妊娠并发症的临床预防和治疗提供了新的思路。
