Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
J Affect Disord. 2024 Mar 1;348:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.015. Epub 2023 Dec 7.
Depression is a significant, pervasive, global public health problem, associated with many factors, such as diet, social factors, and lifestyle habits. We aimed to evaluate the association between eating breakfast, dietary inflammatory index (DII) and depression, and to verify the mediating role of DII on the effect of eating breakfast on depression.
21,865 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018 were included in this study. Binary logistic regression and mediated effect analysis were conducted to analyze the associations between eating breakfast, DII and depression. Dietary inflammation was divided into pro-inflammatory diet and anti-inflammatory diet according to the DII.
Both pro-inflammatory diet and skipping breakfast were risk factors for depression. After adjusting for covariables, compared with participants reporting breakfast in both recalls, reporting breakfast in one recall had a higher OR 95%CI (1.54(1.20, 1.98)) of depression. These associations in stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes were robust. DII mediated the association between eating breakfast and depression, the proportion of participants who reported breakfast in one recall and no recall was 26.15 % and 26.67 %, respectively.
This was a cross-sectional study that couldn't argue for the cause-effect relationship. Moreover, the confounding factor regarding medication use was not accounted for due to limited data.
Skipping breakfast may increase the risk of depression by raising DII. And our study supported the essential role of regular breakfast and the anti-inflammatory diet in reducing the risk of depression.
抑郁症是一种严重、普遍且存在于全球的公共卫生问题，与饮食、社会因素和生活方式习惯等多种因素有关。我们旨在评估吃早餐、饮食炎症指数（DII）与抑郁症之间的关系，并验证 DII 在早餐对抑郁症影响上的中介作用。
本研究纳入了 2007 年至 2018 年国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中的 21865 名参与者。采用二元逻辑回归和中介效应分析来分析吃早餐、DII 和抑郁症之间的关系。根据 DII 将饮食炎症分为促炎饮食和抗炎饮食。
促炎饮食和不吃早餐都是抑郁症的危险因素。在调整了协变量后，与在两次回忆中均报告吃早餐的参与者相比，仅在一次回忆中报告吃早餐的参与者发生抑郁症的 OR（95%CI）更高（1.54（1.20，1.98））。在分层分析和不包括心血管疾病（CVD）和糖尿病的敏感性分析中，这些关联具有稳健性。DII 介导了吃早餐与抑郁症之间的关联，在一次回忆和无回忆中报告吃早餐的参与者比例分别为 26.15%和 26.67%。
这是一项横断面研究，无法证明因果关系。此外，由于数据有限，没有考虑关于用药的混杂因素。
不吃早餐可能通过提高 DII 增加抑郁症的风险。并且我们的研究支持定期吃早餐和抗炎饮食在降低抑郁症风险方面的重要作用。
