Xie Guohui, Du Xuan, Hu Hongmiao, Du Jiamu
Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Trends Biochem Sci. 2024 Mar;49(3):247-256. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.11.005. Epub 2023 Dec 9.
In plants, two atypical DNA-dependent RNA polymerases, RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV) and Pol V, and an RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 2 (RDR2) together produce noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) to guide the plant-specific RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). Although both Pol IV and Pol V have evolved from the canonical Pol II, they have adapted to different roles in RdDM. The mechanisms of their adaptation are key to understanding plant DNA methylation and the divergent evolution of polymerases. In this review, we summarize insights that have emerged from recent structural studies of Pol IV, Pol V, and RDR2 and discuss their structural features critical for efficient ncRNA production in RdDM.
在植物中，两种非典型的依赖DNA的RNA聚合酶，即RNA聚合酶IV（Pol IV）和Pol V，以及一种依赖RNA的RNA聚合酶2（RDR2）共同产生非编码RNA（ncRNA），以指导植物特有的RNA指导的DNA甲基化（RdDM）。尽管Pol IV和Pol V都从典型的Pol II进化而来，但它们在RdDM中发挥着不同的作用。它们的适应机制是理解植物DNA甲基化和聚合酶趋异进化的关键。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近对Pol IV、Pol V和RDR2的结构研究中出现的见解，并讨论了它们对于在RdDM中高效产生ncRNA至关重要的结构特征。
