Batool Iram, Ayyaz Ahsan, Qin Tongjun, Wu Xiaofen, Chen Weiqi, Hannan Fakhir, Zafar Zafar Ullah, Naeem Muhammad Shahbaz, Farooq Muhammad Ahsan, Zhou Weijun
Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 40162, Pakistan.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 7;14(2):152. doi: 10.3390/plants14020152.
Food security is threatened by global warming, which also affects agricultural output. Various components of cells perceive elevated temperatures. Different signaling pathways in plants distinguish between the two types of temperature increases, mild warm temperatures and extremely hot temperatures. Given the rising global temperatures, heat stress has become a major abiotic challenge, affecting the growth and development of various crops and significantly reducing productivity. , the second-largest source of vegetable oil worldwide, faces drastic reductions in seed yield and quality under heat stress. This review summarizes recent research on the genetic and physiological impact of heat stress in the Brassicaceae family, as well as in model plants and rice. Several studies show that extreme temperature fluctuations during crucial growth stages negatively affect plants, leading to impaired growth and reduced seed production. The review discusses the mechanisms of heat stress adaptation and the key regulatory genes involved. It also explores the emerging understanding of epigenetic modifications during heat stress. While such studies are limited in , contrasting trends in gene expression have been observed across different species and cultivars, suggesting these genes play a complex role in heat stress tolerance. Key knowledge gaps are identified regarding the impact of heat stress during the growth stages of . In-depth studies of these stages are still needed. The profound understanding of heat stress response mechanisms in tissue-specific models are crucial in advancing our knowledge of thermo-tolerance regulation in and supporting future breeding efforts for heat-tolerant crops.
粮食安全受到全球变暖的威胁，全球变暖也影响农业产量。细胞的各种成分能感知温度升高。植物中的不同信号通路可区分两种温度升高类型，即温和的温暖温度和酷热温度。鉴于全球气温不断上升，热应激已成为一项重大的非生物挑战，影响各种作物的生长发育并显著降低生产力。全球第二大植物油来源——油菜籽在热应激下种子产量和质量会大幅下降。本综述总结了近期关于热应激对十字花科植物以及模式植物拟南芥和水稻的遗传和生理影响的研究。多项研究表明，关键生长阶段的极端温度波动会对植物产生负面影响，导致生长受损和种子产量降低。该综述讨论了热应激适应机制以及涉及的关键调控基因。它还探讨了热应激期间表观遗传修饰方面的新认识。虽然在油菜籽方面此类研究有限，但在不同物种和品种中已观察到基因表达的对比趋势，这表明这些基因在耐热性中发挥着复杂作用。确定了关于热应激对油菜籽生长阶段影响的关键知识空白。仍需要对这些阶段进行深入研究。在组织特异性模型中对热应激反应机制的深入理解对于增进我们对油菜籽耐热性调控的认识以及支持未来耐热作物育种工作至关重要。
