Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2024 Mar;657:778-787. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.019. Epub 2023 Dec 4.
Magneto-mechanical actuation (MMA) using the low-frequency alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) of magnetic nanoparticles internalized into cancer cells can be used to irreparably damage these cells. However, nanoparticles in cells usually agglomerate, thus greatly augmenting the delivered force compared to single nanoparticles. Here, we demonstrate that MMA also decreases the cell viability, with the MMA mediated by individual, non-interacting nanoparticles. The effect was demonstrated with ferrimagnetic (i.e., permanently magnetic) barium-hexaferrite nanoplatelets (NPLs, ∼50 nm wide and 3 nm thick) with a unique, perpendicular orientation of the magnetization. Two cancer-cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and HeLa) are exposed to the NPLs in-vitro under different cell-culture conditions and actuated with a uniaxial AMF. TEM analyses show that only a small number of NPLs internalize in the cells, always situated in membrane-enclosed compartments of the endosomal-lysosomal system. Most compartments contain 1-2 NPLs and only seldom are the NPLs found in small groups, but never in close contact or mutually oriented. Even at low concentrations, the single NPLs reduce the cell viability when actuated with AMFs, which is further increased when the cells are in starvation conditions. These results pave the way for more efficient in-vivo MMA at very low particle concentrations.
利用内化为癌细胞的磁性纳米粒子的低频交流磁场(AMF)进行磁机械致动(MMA)可以不可逆地破坏这些细胞。然而,细胞内的纳米粒子通常会团聚,从而大大增加了传递的力,与单个纳米粒子相比。在这里,我们证明了 MMA 也会降低细胞活力,而由单个不相互作用的纳米粒子介导的 MMA。通过具有独特的垂直磁化方向的铁磁(即永久磁性)钡六方铁氧体纳米板(NPL,~50nm 宽和 3nm 厚)进行了证明。两种癌细胞系(MDA-MB-231 和 HeLa)在不同的细胞培养条件下在体外暴露于 NPL 并在单轴 AMF 下进行致动。TEM 分析表明,只有少数 NPL 被内化到细胞中,它们总是位于内体溶酶体系统的膜封闭隔室中。大多数隔室包含 1-2 个 NPL,只有少数情况下 NPL 会聚集在一起,但从不相互接触或相互取向。即使在低浓度下,当用 AMF 致动时,单个 NPL 也会降低细胞活力,而当细胞处于饥饿状态时,这种降低作用会进一步增强。这些结果为在非常低的粒子浓度下进行更有效的体内 MMA 铺平了道路。