Maciel-Ruiz Jorge A, Reynoso-Noverón Nancy, Rodríguez-Moreno David A, Petrosyan Pavel, Limón-Pacheco Jorge H, Nepomuceno-Hernández Andrés E, Ayala-Yañez Rodrigo, Robles-Morales Rogelio, Osorio-Yáñez Citlalli, García-Cuellar Claudia María, Gonsebatt María E
Laboratorio de Carcinogénesis y Medio Ambiente, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, México.
Centro de Investigación en Prevención, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2024 Sep;34(5):907-916. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00618-x. Epub 2023 Dec 12.
Few epidemiologic studies have focused on the specific source of ambient air pollution and adverse health effects in early life. Here, we investigated whether air pollutants from different emission sources were associated with decreased birth anthropometry parameters and increased DNA adduct formation in mother-child pairs residing in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA).
This cross-sectional study included 190 pregnant women recruited during their last trimester of pregnancy from two hospitals at MCMA, and a Modeling Emissions Inventory (MEI) to calculate exposure to ambient air pollutants from different emissions sources (area, point, mobile, and natural) for two geographical buffers 250 and 750 m radii around the participants households.
Contaminants were positively correlated with umbilical cord blood (UCB) adducts, but not with maternal blood (MB) adducts. PM10 emissions (area and point sources, overall emissions), PM2.5 (point sources), volatile organic compounds (VOC), total organic compounds (TOC) from point sources were positively correlated with UCB adducts. Air pollutants emitted from natural sources were correlated with a decrease in MB and UCB adducts. PM10 and PM2.5 were correlated (p < 0.05) with a decrease in birth weight (BW), birth length (BL) and gestational age at term (GA). In multivariate analyses adjusted for potential confounders, PM10 was associated with an increase in UCB adducts. PM10 and PM2.5 from overall emissions were associated with a decrease in BW, BL and GA at term.
Results suggested higher susceptibility of newborns compared to mothers to damage related to ambient air pollution. PMs are associated with birth anthropometry parameters and DNA damage in adjusted models, highlighting the need for more strict regulation of PM emissions.
很少有流行病学研究关注环境空气污染的具体来源以及对早期生命的不良健康影响。在此，我们调查了居住在墨西哥城大都市区（MCMA）的母婴对中，来自不同排放源的空气污染物是否与出生人体测量参数降低和DNA加合物形成增加有关。
这项横断面研究纳入了190名在妊娠晚期从MCMA的两家医院招募的孕妇，并采用排放清单模型（MEI）来计算参与者家庭周围半径250米和750米的两个地理缓冲区内来自不同排放源（面源、点源、移动源和自然源）的环境空气污染物暴露量。
污染物与脐带血（UCB）加合物呈正相关，但与母血（MB）加合物无关。PM10排放（面源和点源，总排放量）、PM2.5（点源）、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、点源的总有机化合物（TOC）与UCB加合物呈正相关。自然源排放的空气污染物与MB和UCB加合物减少相关。PM10和PM2.5与出生体重（BW）、出生身长（BL）和足月胎龄（GA）降低相关（p<0.05）。在对潜在混杂因素进行调整的多变量分析中，PM10与UCB加合物增加有关。总排放中的PM10和PM2.5与足月时的BW、BL和GA降低有关。
结果表明，与母亲相比，新生儿对环境空气污染相关损害的易感性更高。在调整模型中，颗粒物与出生人体测量参数和DNA损伤有关，突出了对颗粒物排放进行更严格监管的必要性。
