Clarke Center for Human Imagination, Department of Physical Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Dec 12;11(1):439. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01466-y.
A large body of evidence indicates that spiritual and religious backgrounds, beliefs, and practices (SRBBPs) are related to better psychological health. Spirituality and religion (R/S) are also important aspects of multicultural diversity. There is evidence that clients would like to talk about their spirituality, and that including it in assessment and treatment planning can be beneficial. However, the extent to which practicing mental health professionals view SRBBPs as relevant to mental health and clinical practice is unclear.
A survey examining several aspects of addressing SRBBPs in clinical practice was distributed to 894 professionals across mental health disciplines, including psychiatry, psychology, social work, marriage family therapy, licensed professional counselors, certified chemical dependency counselors, and psychiatric mental health nurses.
89% of mental health professionals agreed that clinicians should receive training in R/S competencies. There were no differences between mental health disciplines in ratings of importance of such training. Younger individuals and those who identify as more spiritual were more likely to consider R/S training as important. Although 47.1% of professionals had not received much R/S training, many perceived themselves to be highly competent in R/S clinical integration practices (57.8% considered themselves able to display them very much or completely). In addition, respondents with more R/S training evaluated themselves as more proficient in R/S clinical integration. Nearly two-thirds (65.2%) of respondents reported encountering few to no barriers to engaging in R/S competent mental health care.
There is a growing consensus among mental health care professionals that mental health professionals should be trained in R/S competencies. Strong agreement exists that basic R/S competencies include respect, empathy, examination of bias, and routine assessment of R/S in mental health care. Four in five of those surveyed agree that more active competencies, such as identifying and addressing religious and spiritual struggles and problems and helping clients explore and access R/S strengths and resources should be included, whereas one in five report less comfort with these competencies.
大量证据表明，精神和宗教背景、信仰和实践（SRBBP）与更好的心理健康有关。灵性和宗教（R/S）也是多元文化多样性的重要方面。有证据表明，客户希望谈论他们的灵性，将其纳入评估和治疗计划可能会有所帮助。然而，从事心理健康专业人员认为 SRBBP 与心理健康和临床实践相关的程度尚不清楚。
一项调查研究了在临床实践中解决 SRBBP 的几个方面，该调查向包括精神病学、心理学、社会工作、婚姻家庭治疗、持照专业顾问、注册专业顾问和精神科心理健康护士在内的心理健康专业人员的 894 名专业人员分发了问卷。
89%的心理健康专业人员认为临床医生应该接受 R/S 能力培训。在 R/S 培训的重要性方面，心理健康学科之间没有差异。年轻的个体和那些认为自己更有灵性的个体更有可能认为 R/S 培训很重要。尽管 47.1%的专业人员没有接受过很多 R/S 培训，但许多人认为自己在 R/S 临床整合实践中非常有能力（57.8%认为自己能够非常或完全展示这些能力）。此外，接受过更多 R/S 培训的受访者对自己的 R/S 临床整合能力评价更高。近三分之二（65.2%）的受访者报告在从事 R/S 能力的心理健康护理方面几乎没有遇到障碍。
心理健康护理专业人员越来越认同心理健康专业人员应该接受 R/S 能力培训。人们强烈认同，基本的 R/S 能力包括尊重、同理心、检查偏见以及在心理健康护理中常规评估 R/S。五分之四的受访者同意，应该包括更积极的能力，例如识别和处理宗教和精神上的挣扎和问题，以及帮助客户探索和利用 R/S 的优势和资源，而五分之一的受访者报告对这些能力不太熟悉。
