Humanitarian Disaster Institute, Wheaton College.
School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton College.
Psychol Trauma. 2019 Sep;11(6):597-613. doi: 10.1037/tra0000431. Epub 2019 Feb 7.
The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the existing empirical psychology of religion/spirituality (R/S) and disaster research and offer a prospectus for future research.
Searches were conducted in PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Medline databases, and through personal communication with study authors covering a period from 1975 (from the earliest identified study meeting our criteria) to 2015. Studies that took an empirical approach to studying the impact of disasters on R/S phenomena, as well as the relationship between R/S phenomena, cognition, behavior, and well-being in disaster contexts were included.
A total of 51 articles met the inclusion criteria. We organized the empirical findings under five main categories, which emerged from sorting studies by their primary R/S focus: (a) general religiousness, (b) God representations, (c) religious appraisals, (d) R/S meaning making, and (e) religious coping. On the whole, R/S appears to generally lead to positive outcomes among disaster survivors. Results suggest positive benefits of R/S comes more from how one engages faith and access to resources via R/S communities.
This review revealed several emerging patterns regarding what is known as well as existing gaps in the literature, including the need for more rigorous methodological designs and ongoing systematic programs of study. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
本系统综述的目的是综合现有的宗教/精神（R/S）与灾难心理学实证研究，并为未来的研究提供方案。
从 1975 年（最早符合我们标准的研究）到 2015 年，我们在 PsycINFO、PsycARTICLES、Medline 数据库中进行了检索，并通过与研究作者的个人交流进行了检索，涵盖了这一时期。纳入的研究采用实证方法研究灾难对 R/S 现象的影响，以及灾难背景下 R/S 现象、认知、行为和幸福感之间的关系。
共有 51 篇文章符合纳入标准。我们根据主要的 R/S 重点将实证发现组织成五个主要类别：（a）一般宗教信仰，（b）上帝观念，（c）宗教评价，（d）R/S 意义构建，以及（e）宗教应对。总的来说，宗教信仰似乎通常会给灾难幸存者带来积极的结果。研究结果表明，宗教信仰的积极益处更多地来自于一个人如何通过宗教信仰和宗教社区来获得信仰和资源。
本综述揭示了一些关于文献中已知和现有差距的新出现的模式，包括需要更严格的方法设计和持续的系统研究计划。（APA，2019 版权所有）。
