Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Feb 1;342:123147. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123147. Epub 2023 Dec 13.
China is the largest producer and consumer of phthalates in the world. However, it remains unclear whether China's phthalate restrictions have alleviated indoor phthalate pollution. We extracted the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in indoor dust at 2762 sites throughout China between 2007 and 2019 from the published literature. Based on these data, we investigated the effects of phthalate restrictions and environmental factors on the temporal-spatial distribution and sources of phthalates and estimated human exposure and risk of phthalates. The results revealed that the mean concentrations of phthalates in indoor dust throughout China decreased in the following order: DEHP > DBP > DIBP > DMP > DEP > BBP. The concentrations of six phthalates were generally higher in northern and central-western China than in southern regions. BBP and DEHP concentrations decreased by 73.5% and 17.9%, respectively, from 2007 to 2019. Sunshine was a critical environmental factor in reducing phthalate levels in indoor dust. Polyvinyl chloride materials, personal care products, building materials, and furniture were the primary sources of phthalates in indoor dust. The phthalates in indoor dust posed the most significant threat to children and older adults. This study provides a picture of phthalate pollution, thus supporting timely and effective policies and legislation.
中国是世界上最大的邻苯二甲酸酯生产国和消费国。然而，目前尚不清楚中国的邻苯二甲酸酯限制措施是否减轻了室内邻苯二甲酸酯污染。我们从已发表的文献中提取了 2007 年至 2019 年期间中国 2762 个地点室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP）、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯（BBP）和邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的浓度。基于这些数据，我们研究了邻苯二甲酸酯限制和环境因素对邻苯二甲酸酯时空分布和来源的影响，并估计了人类对邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露和风险。结果表明，中国室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的平均浓度按以下顺序降低：DEHP>DHP>DIBP>DMP>DEP>BBP。六种邻苯二甲酸酯的浓度在北方和中西部地区通常高于南方地区。2007 年至 2019 年间，BBP 和 DEHP 的浓度分别下降了 73.5%和 17.9%。阳光是降低室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯水平的关键环境因素。聚氯乙烯材料、个人护理产品、建筑材料和家具是室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的主要来源。室内灰尘中的邻苯二甲酸酯对儿童和老年人构成了最大的威胁。本研究描绘了邻苯二甲酸酯污染的情况，从而为及时有效的政策和法规提供了支持。
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