Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China.
Health Care Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China.
BMC Pediatr. 2023 Dec 16;23(1):636. doi: 10.1186/s12887-023-04460-w.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a substantial public health safety concern drawing considerable attention in China and globally. The detection of HBV serological markers can enable the assessment of HBV infection and replication status in vivo and evaluate the body's protection against HBV. Therefore, this study aims to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HBV infection in children to prevent and control HBV infection in Wuhan areas.
We conducted an extensive retrospective cohort analysis of 115,029 individuals aged 0-18 years who underwent HBV serological markers detection for HBV infection in hospital between 2018 and 2021 using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We generated descriptive statistics and analysed HBV infection's epidemiological and clinical characteristics between different sex and age groups.
The overall positive detection rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in all participants were 0.13%, 79.09%, 0.17%, 2.81%, and 5.82%, respectively. The positive rate of HBeAb and HBcAb in males was significantly lower than that in females (2.64% vs. 3.13%, 5.56% vs. 6.29%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-two distinct HBV serological expression patterns were revealed. Among them, 8 common expression patterns accounted for 99.63%, while the remaining 14 uncommon expression patterns were primarily observed in neonatal patients with HBV infection. There are no significant differences in serological patterns based on sex (P < 0.05). The overall HBV infection detection rate was 5.82% [range 5.68-5.95] and showed a declining yearly trend. The rate in females was higher than that in males 6.29% [6.05, 6.35] vs. 5.56% [5.39, 5.59]. The overall HBV diagnostic rate over 4 years was 0.20% [0.17, 0.22], and the rate declined yearly. The prevalence of acute infection was higher than that of other infection types before 2019, but the incidence of unclassified infection showed a significant upward trend after 2019.
While the overall HBV infection detection rate in children has decreased year by year, the infection rate remains high in children under one year and between 4 and 18 years. This continued prevalence warrants heightened attention and vigilance.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）仍然是一个重大的公共卫生安全问题，在中国和全球范围内引起了相当大的关注。HBV 血清学标志物的检测可评估体内 HBV 感染和复制状态，评估机体对 HBV 的保护作用。因此，本研究旨在确定武汉地区儿童 HBV 感染的流行病学和临床特征，以预防和控制 HBV 感染。
我们对 2018 年至 2021 年期间在我院进行 HBV 血清学标志物检测的 115029 名 0-18 岁个体进行了广泛的回顾性队列分析，采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测 HBV。我们生成了描述性统计数据，并分析了不同性别和年龄组之间 HBV 感染的流行病学和临床特征。
所有参与者中 HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb 和 HBcAb 的总阳性检出率分别为 0.13%、79.09%、0.17%、2.81%和 5.82%。男性 HBeAb 和 HBcAb 的阳性率明显低于女性（2.64%比 3.13%，5.56%比 6.29%）（P<0.05）。共发现 22 种不同的 HBV 血清学表达模式。其中 8 种常见表达模式占 99.63%，而其余 14 种少见表达模式主要见于新生儿乙型肝炎病毒感染者。不同性别之间的血清学模式无显著差异（P<0.05）。HBV 总感染检出率为 5.82%[范围 5.68-5.95]，呈逐年下降趋势。女性的检出率高于男性，分别为 6.29%[6.05，6.35]和 5.56%[5.39，5.59]。4 年来 HBV 总诊断率为 0.20%[0.17，0.22]，呈逐年下降趋势。急性感染的患病率高于其他感染类型，2019 年前，但未分类感染的发病率在 2019 年后呈显著上升趋势。
虽然儿童 HBV 感染的总检出率逐年下降，但1 岁以下和 4-18 岁儿童的感染率仍较高。这种持续的流行需要引起高度关注和警惕。
