Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.
Department of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, and Center for Climate, Health and the Global Environment, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Pediatrics. 2024 Jan 1;153(1). doi: 10.1542/peds.2023-064772.
Buildings, parks, and roads are all elements of the "built environment," which can be described as the human-made structures that comprise the neighborhoods and communities where people live, work, learn, and recreate (https://www.epa.gov/smm/basic-information-about-built-environment). The design of communities where children and adolescents live, learn, and play has a profound impact on their health. Moreover, the policies and practices that determine community design and the built environment are a root cause of disparities in the social determinants of health that contribute to health inequity. An understanding of the links between the built environment and pediatric health will help to inform pediatricians' and other pediatric health care professionals' care for patients and advocacy on their behalf. This policy statement outlines community design solutions that can improve pediatric physical and mental health, and improve health equity. It describes opportunities for pediatricians and the health care sector to incorporate this knowledge in patient care, as well as to play a role in advancing a health-promoting built environment for all children and families. The accompanying technical report reviews the range of pediatric physical and mental health conditions influenced by the built environment, as well as historical and persistent effects of the built environment on health disparities.
建筑物、公园和道路都是“建筑环境”的组成部分，可以将其描述为人们居住、工作、学习和娱乐的社区和场所中的人造结构（https://www.epa.gov/smm/basic-information-about-built-environment）。设计儿童和青少年生活、学习和玩耍的社区对他们的健康有深远的影响。此外，决定社区设计和建筑环境的政策和实践是造成健康决定因素不平等的根本原因，而这些不平等因素导致了健康的不公平。了解建筑环境与儿科健康之间的联系将有助于为儿科医生和其他儿科保健专业人员提供信息，以便为患者提供护理并代表他们进行宣传。本政策声明概述了可以改善儿童身心健康和促进健康公平的社区设计解决方案。它描述了儿科医生和医疗保健部门将这方面的知识纳入患者护理的机会，以及在为所有儿童和家庭推进促进健康的建筑环境方面发挥作用的机会。随附的技术报告审查了建筑环境影响的一系列儿童身心健康状况，以及建筑环境对健康差异的历史和持久影响。
